{"id":168,"date":"2017-10-16T12:40:15","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T16:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=168"},"modified":"2022-02-19T20:03:58","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T01:03:58","slug":"adjectives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/adjectives","title":{"rendered":"Adjectives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LGXVzWwz0Oc\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Properties of Adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>Now that we can connect two nouns together in various ways using particles, we want to describe our nouns with adjectives. An adjective can directly modify a noun that immediately follows it. It can also be connected in the same way we did with nouns using particles. All adjectives fall under two categories: <i>na-adjectives<\/i> and <i>i-adjectives<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h2>The na-adjective<\/h2>\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9759\u304b \u3010\u3057\u305a\u30fb\u304b\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; quiet<\/li>\n<li>\u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 &#8211; person<\/li>\n<li>\u304d\u308c\u3044 (na-adj) &#8211; pretty; clean<\/li>\n<li>\u53cb\u9054 \u3010\u3068\u3082\u30fb\u3060\u3061\u3011 &#8211; friend<\/li>\n<li>\u89aa\u5207 \u3010\u3057\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3064\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; kind<\/li>\n<li>\u9b5a \u3010\u3055\u304b\u306a\u3011 &#8211; fish<\/li>\n<li>\u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; likable; desirable<\/li>\n<li>\u8089 \u3010\u306b\u304f\u3011 &#8211; meat<\/li>\n<li>\u91ce\u83dc \u3010\u3084\u30fb\u3055\u3044\u3011 &#8211; vegetables<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The na-adjective is very simple to learn because it acts essentially like a noun. All the conjugation rules for both nouns and na-adjectives are the same. One main difference is that a na-adjective can directly modify a noun following it by sticking \u300c\u306a\u300d between the adjective and noun. (Hence the name, na-adjective.)<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3057\u305a\u304b - quiet\">\u9759\u304b<\/span><em>\u306a<\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nQuiet person.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u308c\u3044 - pretty; clean\">\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/span><em>\u306a<\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nPretty person.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>You can also use adjectives with particles just like we did in the last lesson with nouns.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3061 - friend\">\u53cb\u9054<\/span>\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3057\u3093\u305b\u3064 - kind, friendly\">\u89aa\u5207<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nFriend is kind.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3061 - friend\">\u53cb\u9054<\/span>\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3057\u3093\u305b\u3064 - kind, friendly\">\u89aa\u5207<\/span>\u306a<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3060\u3002<br \/>\nFriend is kind person.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>As shown by the following examples, the conjugation rules for na-adjectives are the same as nouns.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30dc\u30d6\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span><\/em>\u3060\u3002<br \/>\nBob likes fish.<\/li>\n<li>\u30dc\u30d6\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nBob does not like fish.<\/li>\n<li>\u30dc\u30d6\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nBob liked fish.<\/li>\n<li>\u30dc\u30d6\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nBob did not like fish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If it bothers you that &#8220;like&#8221; is an adjective and not a verb in Japanese, you can think of \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span>\u300d as meaning &#8220;desirable&#8221;. Also, you can see a good example of the topic and identifier particle working in harmony. The sentence is about the topic &#8220;Bob&#8221; and &#8220;fish&#8221; identifies specifically what Bob likes.<\/p>\n<p>You can also use the last three conjugations to directly modify the noun. (Remember to attach \u300c\u306a\u300d for positive non-past tense.)<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u306a<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nPerson that likes fish.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nPerson that does not like fish.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nPerson that liked fish.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nPerson that did not like fish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Here, the entire clause \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span>\u300d\u3001\u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u300d\u3001etc. is modifying &#8220;person&#8221; to talk about people that like or dislike fish. You can see why this type of sentence is useful because \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span>\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span><\/em>\u3060\u300d would mean &#8220;People like fish&#8221;, which isn&#8217;t always the case.<\/p>\n<p>We can even treat the whole descriptive noun clause as we would a single noun. For instance, we can make the whole clause a topic like the following example.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span><\/em>\u306f\u3001<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u306b\u304f - meat\">\u8089<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span>\u3060\u3002<br \/>\nPerson who does not like fish like meat.<\/li>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3055\u304b\u306a - fish\">\u9b5a<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span>\u306a<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\">\u4eba<\/span><\/em>\u306f\u3001<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3084\u3055\u3044 - vegetables\">\u91ce\u83dc<\/span>\u3082<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d<\/span>\u3060\u3002<br \/>\nPerson who likes fish also likes vegetables.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>The i-adjective<\/h2>\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5acc\u3044 \u3010\u304d\u3089\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; distasteful, hateful<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u7269 \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 &#8211; food<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; tasty<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; high; tall; expensive<\/li>\n<li>\u30d3\u30eb &#8211; building<\/li>\n<li>\u5024\u6bb5 \u3010\u306d\u30fb\u3060\u3093\u3011 &#8211; price<\/li>\n<li>\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3 &#8211; restaurant<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u307e\u308a\uff0f\u3042\u3093\u307e\u308a &#8211; not very (when used with negative)<\/li>\n<li>\u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; likable; desirable<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; good<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>All i-adjectives always end in the Hiragana character: \u300c\u3044\u300d. However, you may have noticed that some na-adjectives also end in \u300c\u3044\u300d such as \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u308c\u3044 - pretty; clean\">\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/span>\uff08\u306a\uff09\u300d. So how can you tell the difference? There are actually very few na-adjectives that end with \u300c\u3044\u300d that is usually not written in Kanji. Two of the most common include: \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u308c\u3044 - neat, pretty\">\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/span>\u300d and \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u3089\u3044 - distasteful, hateful\">\u5acc\u3044<\/span>\u300d. Almost all other na-adjectives that end in \u300c\u3044\u300d are usually written in Kanji and so you can easily tell that it&#8217;s not an i-adjective. For instance, \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u308c\u3044 - neat, pretty\">\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/span>\u300d written in Kanji looks like \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u308c\u3044 - neat, pretty\">\u7dba\u9e97<\/span>\u300d or \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u308c\u3044 - neat, pretty\">\u5947\u9e97<\/span>\u300d. Since the \u300c\u3044\u300d part of \u300c\u9e97\u300d is part of a Kanji character, you know that it can&#8217;t be an i-adjective. That&#8217;s because the whole point of the \u300c\u3044\u300d in i-adjectives is to allow conjugation without changing the Kanji. In fact, \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u3089\u3044 - distasteful, hateful\">\u5acc\u3044<\/span>\u300d is one of the rare na-adjectives that ends in \u300c\u3044\u300d without a Kanji. This has to do with the fact that \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u3089\u3044 - distasteful, hateful\">\u5acc\u3044<\/span>\u300d is actually derived from the verb \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u3089\u3046 - to hate\">\u5acc\u3046<\/span>\u300d.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike na-adjectives, you do <b>not<\/b> need to add \u300c\u306a\u300d to directly modify a noun with an i-adjective.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304d\u3089\u3044 - distasteful, hateful\">\u5acc\u3044<\/span><em>\u306a<\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u3079\u3082\u306e - food\">\u98df\u3079\u7269<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nHated food.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 - tasty\">\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044<\/span><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u3079\u3082\u306e - food\">\u98df\u3079\u7269<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nTasty food.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Remember how the negative state-of-being for nouns also ended in \u300c\u3044\u300d \uff08\u3058\u3083\u306a<em>\u3044<\/em>\uff09? Well, just like the negative state-of-being for nouns, you can never attach the declarative \u300c\u3060\u300d to i-adjectives.<\/p>\n<table class=\"note\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><b>Do NOT attach \u300c\u3060\u300d to i-adjectives.<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Now that we got that matter cleared up, below are the rules for conjugating i-adjectives. Notice that the rule for conjugating to negative past tense is the same as the rule for the past tense.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\"><span class=\"summary\">Conjugation rules for i-adjectives<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"plain\">\n<li><b>Negative<\/b>: First remove the trailing \u300c\u3044\u300d from the i-adjective and then attach \u300c\u304f\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/li>\n<li>Example: <span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8<em><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">\u3044<\/span><\/em><\/span> \u2192 <span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8<em>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Past-tense<\/b>: First remove the trailing \u300c\u3044\u300d from the i-adjective or negative i-adjective and then attach \u300c\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8<em><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">\u3044<\/span><\/em><\/span> \u2192 <span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8<em>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a<em><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">\u3044<\/span><\/em><\/span> \u2192 <span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a<em>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Summary of i-adjective conjugations<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Positive<\/th>\n<th>Negative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Non-Past<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u3044<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Past<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u3044<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u30d3\u30eb - building\">\u30d3\u30eb<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nTall building.<\/li>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u30d3\u30eb - building\">\u30d3\u30eb<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nNot tall building.<\/li>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u30d3\u30eb - building\">\u30d3\u30eb<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nBuilding that was tall.<\/li>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u30d3\u30eb - building\">\u30d3\u30eb<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nBuilding that was not tall.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Note that you can make the same type of descriptive noun clause as we have done with na-adjectives. The only difference is that we don&#8217;t need \u300c\u306a\u300d to directly modify the noun.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u306d\u3060\u3093 - price\">\u5024\u6bb5<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u3044<\/span><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3 - restaurant\">\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3<\/span><\/em>\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3042\u307e\u308a - not very (when used with negative)\">\u3042\u307e\u308a<\/span><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3059\u304d - like\">\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nDon&#8217;t like high price restaurants very much.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this example, the descriptive clause \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u306d\u3060\u3093 - price\">\u5024\u6bb5<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u305f\u304b\u3044 - high; tall; expensive\">\u9ad8\u3044<\/span>\u300d is directly modifying \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3 - restaraunt\">\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3<\/span>\u300d.<\/p>\n<h2>An annoying exception<\/h2>\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5024\u6bb5 \u3010\u306d\u30fb\u3060\u3093\u3011 &#8211; price<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u307e\u308a\uff0f\u3042\u3093\u307e\u308a &#8211; not very (when used with negative)<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; good<\/li>\n<li>\u5f7c \u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 &#8211; he; boyfriend<\/li>\n<li>\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; cool; handsome<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There is one i-adjective meaning &#8220;good&#8221; that acts slightly differently from all other i-adjectives. This is a classic case of how learning Japanese is harder for beginners because the most common and useful words also have the most exceptions. The word for &#8220;good&#8221; was originally \u300c\u3088\u3044\uff08<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3088\u3044 - good\">\u826f\u3044<\/span>\uff09\u300d. However, with time, it soon became \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d. When it is written in Kanji, it is usually read as \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3088\u3044 - good\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>\u300d so \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d is almost always Hiragana. That&#8217;s all fine and good. Unfortunately, all the conjugations are still derived from \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3088\u3044 - good\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>\u300d and not \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d. This is shown in the next table.<\/p>\n<p>Another adjective that acts like this is \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - good-looking, cool\">\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d because it is an abbreviated version of two words merged together: \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3046 - looks\">\u683c\u597d<\/span>\u300d and \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d. Since it uses the same \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d, you need to use the same conjugations.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Conjugation for \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><\/td>\n<th>Positive<\/th>\n<th>Negative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Non-Past<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Past<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Conjugation for \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - good-looking, cool\">\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><\/td>\n<th>Positive<\/th>\n<th>Negative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Non-Past<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - good-looking, cool\">\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - good-looking, cool\">\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Past<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - good-looking, cool\">\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - good-looking, cool\">\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Take care to make all the conjugations from \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3088\u3044 - good\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>\u300d not \u300c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u306d\u3060\u3093 - price\">\u5024\u6bb5<\/span>\u304c<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3042\u3093\u307e\u308a - not very (when used with negative)\">\u3042\u3093\u307e\u308a<\/span><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\"><em>\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nPrice isn&#8217;t very good.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u308c - he; boyfriend\">\u5f7c<\/span>\u306f<span class=\"popup\" title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 - cool; handsome\"><em>\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/span>\uff01<br \/>\nHe looked really cool!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Properties of Adjectives Now that we can connect two nouns together in various ways using particles, we want to describe our nouns with adjectives. An adjective can directly modify a noun that immediately follows it. It can also be connected in the same way we did with nouns using particles. All adjectives fall under two &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/adjectives\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Adjectives&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"series":[4],"class_list":["post-168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basic-grammar","series-grammar-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1754,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168\/revisions\/1754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=168"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}