{"id":222,"date":"2017-10-16T13:14:07","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T17:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=222"},"modified":"2017-11-06T18:46:12","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T23:46:12","slug":"the-question-marker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/question","title":{"rendered":"The Question Marker"},"content":{"rendered":"

Questions in polite form<\/h2>\n

Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u7530\u4e2d \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u306a\u304b\u3011 – Tanaka (last name)<\/li>\n
  2. \u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304b\u3042\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 – mother (polite)<\/li>\n
  3. \u3069\u3053 – where<\/li>\n
  4. \u9234\u6728 \u3010\u3059\u305a\u30fb\u304d\u3011 – Suzuki (last name)<\/li>\n
  5. \u6bcd \u3010\u306f\u306f\u3011 – mother<\/li>\n
  6. \u8cb7\u3044\u7269 \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 – shopping<\/li>\n
  7. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
  8. \u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2 – Italy<\/li>\n
  9. \u6599\u7406 \u3010\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u308a\u3011 – cooking; cuisine; dish<\/li>\n
  10. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat<\/li>\n
  11. \u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093 – sorry (polite)<\/li>\n
  12. \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 – a little<\/li>\n
  13. \u304a\u8179 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u306a\u304b\u3011 – stomach<\/li>\n
  14. \u3044\u3063\u3071\u3044 – full<\/li>\n
  15. \u3054\u3081\u3093\u306a\u3055\u3044 – sorry (polite)<\/li>\n
  16. \u3054\u3081\u3093 – sorry<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The question marker is covered here because it is primarily used to clearly indicate a question in polite sentences. While it is entirely possible to express a question even in polite form using just intonation, the question marker is often attached to the very end of the sentence to indicate a question. The question marker is simply the hiragana character \u300c\u304b\u300d and you don’t need to add a question mark. For previously explained reasons, you must not use the declarative \u300c\u3060\u300d with the question marker.<\/p>\n

    Example 1<\/h3>\n

    \u7530\u4e2d<\/span>\u3055\u3093\uff1a\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/span>\u306f\u3069\u3053<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/em>\u3002
    \nTanaka-san: Where is (your) mother?<\/p>\n

    \u9234\u6728<\/span>\u3055\u3093\uff1a\u6bcd<\/span>\u306f\u8cb7\u3044\u7269<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002
    \nSuzuki-san: (My) mother went shopping.<\/p>\n

    Example 2<\/h3>\n

    \u30ad\u30e0\u3055\u3093\uff1a\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2<\/span>\u6599\u7406<\/span>\u3092\u98df\u3079<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u3002
    \nKim-san: Go to eat Italian food?<\/p>\n

    \u9234\u6728\u3055\u3093\uff1a\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u3002\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068<\/span>\u3001\u304a\u8179<\/span>\u304c\u3044\u3063\u3071\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002
    \nSuzuki-san: Sorry. (My) stomach is a little full.<\/p>\n

    Here the question is actually being used as an invitation just like how in English we say, “Won’t you come in for a drink?” \u300c\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u300d is a polite way of apologizing. Slightly less formal is \u300c\u3054\u3081\u3093\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span>\u300d while the casual version is simply \u300c\u3054\u3081\u3093<\/span>\u300d.\n<\/p>\n

    The question marker in casual speech<\/h2>\n

    Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u3053\u3093\u306a – this sort of<\/li>\n
    2. \u672c\u5f53 \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 – real<\/li>\n
    3. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat<\/li>\n
    4. \u305d\u3093\u306a – that sort of<\/li>\n
    5. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      It makes sense to conclude that the question marker would work in exactly the same way in casual speech as it does in polite speech. However, this is not<\/b> the case. The question marker \u300c\u304b\u300d is usually not used with casual speech to make actual questions. It is often used to consider whether something is true or not. Depending on the context and intonation, it can also be used to make rhetorical questions or to express sarcasm. It can sound quite rough so you might want to be careful about using \u300c\u304b\u300d for questions in the plain casual form.<\/p>\n

      Examples<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u3053\u3093\u306a<\/span>\u306e\u3092\u672c\u5f53<\/span>\u306b\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\uff1f
        \nDo you think [he\/she] will really eat this type of thing?\n<\/li>\n
      2. \u305d\u3093\u306a<\/span>\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u3088\uff01
        \nDo I look like I would have something like that?!\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Instead of \u300c\u304b\u300d, real questions in casual speech are usually asked with the explanatory \u306e particle or nothing at all except for a rise in intonation, as we have already seen in previous sections.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u3053\u3093\u306a<\/span>\u306e\u3092\u672c\u5f53<\/span>\u306b\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span>\uff1f
          \nAre you really going to eat something like this?\n<\/li>\n
        2. \u305d\u3093\u306a<\/span>\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b<\/span>\u306e<\/em>\uff1f
          \nDo you have something like that?\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u300c\u304b\u300d used in relative clauses<\/h2>\n

          Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u6628\u65e5\u3010\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3011 – yesterday<\/li>\n
          2. \u4f55\u3010\u306a\u306b\u3011 – what<\/li>\n
          3. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat<\/li>\n
          4. \u5fd8\u308c\u308b \u3010\u308f\u3059\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to forget<\/li>\n
          5. \u5f7c \u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 – he; boyfriend<\/li>\n
          6. \u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to say<\/li>\n
          7. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
          8. \u5148\u751f \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – teacher<\/li>\n
          9. \u5b66\u6821 \u3010\u304c\u3063\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 – school<\/li>\n
          10. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
          11. \u6559\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u3057\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to teach; to inform<\/li>\n
          12. \u3069\u3046 – how<\/li>\n
          13. \u77e5\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to know<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Another use of the question marker is simply grammatical and has nothing to do with the politeness. A question marker attached to the end of a relative clause makes a mini-question inside a larger sentence. This allows the speaker to talk about the question. For example, you can talk about the question, “What did I eat today?” In the following examples, the question that is being considered is in red.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u6628\u65e5<\/span>\u4f55<\/span>\u3092\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u5fd8\u308c\u305f<\/span>\u3002
              \nForgot what I ate yesterday.\n<\/li>\n
            2. \u5f7c<\/span>\u306f\u4f55<\/span>\u3092\u8a00\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3002
              \nDon’t understand what he said.\n<\/li>\n
            3. \u5148\u751f<\/span>\u304c\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u6559\u3048\u306a\u3044<\/span>\uff1f
              \nWon’t you inform me whether teacher went to school?\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              In sentences like example 3 where the question being considered has a yes\/no answer, it is common (but not necessary) to attach \u300c\u3069\u3046\u304b\u300d. This is roughly equivalent to saying, “whether or not” in English.\tYou can also include the alternative as well to mean the same thing.\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u5148\u751f<\/span>\u304c\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u304b\u3069\u3046<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3002
                \nDon’t know whether or not teacher went to school.\n<\/li>\n
              2. \u5148\u751f<\/span>\u304c\u5b66\u6821<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u304b\u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u304b<\/em>\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3002
                \nDon’t know whether teacher went to school or didn’t.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Using question words<\/h2>\n

                Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                1. \u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 (i-adj) – tasty<\/li>\n
                2. \u30af\u30c3\u30ad\u30fc – cookie<\/li>\n
                3. \u5168\u90e8 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u3076\u3011 – everything<\/li>\n
                4. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat<\/li>\n
                5. \u8ab0 \u3010\u3060\u308c\u3011 – who<\/li>\n
                6. \u76d7\u3080 \u3010\u306c\u3059\u30fb\u3080\u3011 (u-verb) – to steal<\/li>\n
                7. \u77e5\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to know<\/li>\n
                8. \u72af\u4eba \u3010\u306f\u3093\u30fb\u306b\u3093\u3011 – criminal<\/li>\n
                9. \u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to see<\/li>\n
                10. \u3053\u306e – this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
                11. \u4e2d \u3010\u306a\u304b\u3011 – inside<\/li>\n
                12. \uff5e\u304b\u3089 (particle) – from \uff5e<\/li>\n
                13. \u9078\u3076 \u3010\u3048\u3089\u30fb\u3076\u3011 (u-verb) – to select<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  While we’re on the topic of questions, this is a good time to go over question words (where, who, what, etc.) and what they mean in various contexts. Take a look at what adding the question marker does to the meaning of the words.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  Question Words<\/caption>\n
                  Word+Question Marker<\/th>\nMeaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u8ab0<\/span>\u304b<\/em><\/td>\nSomeone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u4f55<\/span>\u304b<\/em><\/td>\nSomething<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u3044\u3064<\/span>\u304b<\/em><\/td>\nSometime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u3069\u3053<\/span>\u304b<\/em><\/td>\nSomewhere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u3069\u308c<\/span>\u304b<\/em><\/td>\nA certain one from many<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

                  <\/center><\/p>\n

                  Examples<\/h3>\n

                  As you can see by the following examples, you can treat these words just like any regular nouns.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u8ab0\u304b<\/span><\/em>\u304c\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u30af\u30c3\u30ad\u30fc<\/span>\u3092\u5168\u90e8<\/span>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/span>\u3002
                    \nSomeone ate all the delicious cookies.\n<\/li>\n
                  2. \u8ab0<\/span>\u304c\u76d7\u3093\u3060<\/span>\u306e\u304b\u3001\u8ab0\u304b<\/span><\/em>\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u304b\u3002
                    \nDoesn’t anybody know who stole it?\n<\/li>\n
                  3. \u72af\u4eba<\/span>\u3092\u3069\u3053\u304b<\/span><\/em>\u3067\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u304b\u3002
                    \nDid you see the criminal somewhere?\n<\/li>\n
                  4. \u3053\u306e<\/span>\u4e2d<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3069\u308c\u304b<\/span><\/em>\u3092\u9078\u3076<\/span>\u306e\u3002
                    \n(Explaining) You are to select a certain one from inside this (selection).\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Question words with inclusive meaning<\/h3>\n

                    Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u5168\u90e8 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u3076\u3011 – everything<\/li>\n
                    2. \u7686 \u3010\u307f\u3093\u306a\u3011 – everybody<\/li>\n
                    3. \u7686\u3055\u3093 \u3010\u307f\u306a\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 – everybody (polite)<\/li>\n
                    4. \u3053\u306e – this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
                    5. \u8cea\u554f \u3010\u3057\u3064\u30fb\u3082\u3093\u3011 – question<\/li>\n
                    6. \u7b54\u3048 \u3010\u3053\u305f\u30fb\u3048\u3011 – answer<\/li>\n
                    7. \u77e5\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to know<\/li>\n
                    8. \u53cb\u9054 \u3010\u3068\u3082\u30fb\u3060\u3061\u3011 – friend<\/li>\n
                    9. \u9045\u308c\u308b \u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to be late<\/li>\n
                    10. \u3053\u3053 – here<\/li>\n
                    11. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
                    12. \u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3 – restaurant<\/li>\n
                    13. \u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 (i-adj) – tasty<\/li>\n
                    14. \u4eca\u9031\u672b \u3010\u3053\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u307e\u3064\u3011 – this weekend<\/li>\n
                    15. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      The same question words in the chart above can be combined with \u300c\u3082\u300d in a negative sentence to mean “nobody” \uff08\u8ab0\u3082<\/span>\uff09, “nothing” \uff08\u4f55\u3082<\/span>\uff09, “nowhere” \uff08\u3069\u3053\u3082<\/span>\uff09, etc.<\/p>\n

                      \u300c\u8ab0\u3082<\/span>\u300d and \u300c\u4f55\u3082<\/span>\u300d are primarily used only for negative sentences. Curiously, there is no way to say “everything” with question words. Instead, it is conventional to use other words like \u300c\u5168\u90e8<\/span>\u300d. And although \u300c\u8ab0\u3082\u300d can sometimes be used to mean “everybody”, it is customary to use \u300c\u7686<\/span>\u300d or \u300c\u7686\u3055\u3093<\/span>\u300d\n<\/p>\n

                      \nThe remaining three words \u300c\u3044\u3064\u3082<\/span>\u300d (meaning “always”) and \u300c\u3069\u308c\u3082<\/span>\u300d (meaning “any and all”), and \u300c\u3069\u3053\u3082<\/span>\u300d (meaning everywhere) can be used in both negative and positive sentences.\n<\/p>\n

                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      Inclusive Words<\/caption>\n
                      Word+\u3082<\/th>\nMeaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u8ab0<\/span>\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nEverybody\/Nobody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u4f55<\/span>\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nNothing (negative only)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u3044\u3064<\/span>\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nAlways<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u3069\u3053<\/span>\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nEverywhere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u3069\u308c<\/span>\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nAny and all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

                      <\/center><\/p>\n

                      Examples<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      1. \n\u3053\u306e<\/span>\u8cea\u554f<\/span>\u306e\u7b54\u3048<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u8ab0\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3002
                        \nNobody knows the answer of this question.\n<\/li>\n
                      2. \u53cb\u9054<\/span>\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u9045\u308c\u308b<\/span>\u3002
                        \nFriend is always late.\n<\/li>\n
                      3. \u3053\u3053<\/span>\u306b\u3042\u308b<\/span>\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3<\/span>\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u304a\u3044\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u3002
                        \nAny and all restaurants that are here are not tasty.\n<\/li>\n
                      4. \u4eca\u9031\u672b<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u3002
                        \nWent nowhere this weekend.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        \n(Grammatically, this \u300c\u3082\u300d is the same as the topic particle \u300c\u3082\u300d so the target particle \u300c\u306b\u300d must go before the topic particle \u300c\u3082\u300d in ordering.)\n<\/p>\n

                        Question words to mean “any”<\/h3>\n

                        Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u3053\u306e – this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
                        2. \u8cea\u554f \u3010\u3057\u3064\u30fb\u3082\u3093\u3011 – question<\/li>\n
                        3. \u7b54\u3048 \u3010\u3053\u305f\u30fb\u3048\u3011 – answer<\/li>\n
                        4. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
                        5. \u663c\u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3072\u308b\u30fb\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – lunch<\/li>\n
                        6. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n
                        7. \u3042\u306e – that (over there) \uff08abbr. of \u3042\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
                        8. \u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 – person<\/li>\n
                        9. \u672c\u5f53 \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 – real<\/li>\n
                        10. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          The same question words combined with \u300c\u3067\u3082\u300d can be used to mean “any”. One thing to be careful about is that \u300c\u4f55\u3067\u3082<\/span>\u300d is read as \u300c\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3082\u300d and not<\/i> \u300c\u306a\u306b\u3067\u3082\u300d<\/p>\n

                          <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                          Words for “Any”<\/caption>\n
                          Word+\u3067\u3082<\/th>\nMeaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                          \u8ab0<\/span>\u3067\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nAnybody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          \u4f55<\/span>\u3067\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nAnything<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          \u3044\u3064<\/span>\u3067\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nAnytime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          \u3069\u3053<\/span>\u3067\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nAnywhere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          \u3069\u308c<\/span>\u3067\u3082<\/em><\/td>\nWhichever<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

                          <\/center><\/p>\n

                          Examples<\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u3053\u306e<\/span>\u8cea\u554f<\/span>\u306e\u7b54\u3048<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u8ab0\u3067\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u5206\u304b\u308b<\/span>\u3002
                            \nAnybody understands the answer of this question.\n<\/li>\n
                          2. \u663c\u3054\u98ef<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3002
                            \nAbout lunch, anywhere is good.\n<\/li>\n
                          3. \u3042\u306e<\/span>\u4eba<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u672c\u5f53<\/span>\u306b\u4f55\u3067\u3082<\/span><\/em>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span>\u3002
                            \nThat person really eats anything.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Questions in polite form Vocabulary \u7530\u4e2d \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u306a\u304b\u3011 – Tanaka (last name) \u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304b\u3042\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 – mother (polite) \u3069\u3053 – where \u9234\u6728 \u3010\u3059\u305a\u30fb\u304d\u3011 – Suzuki (last name) \u6bcd \u3010\u306f\u306f\u3011 – mother \u8cb7\u3044\u7269 \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 – shopping \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go \u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2 – Italy \u6599\u7406 \u3010\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u308a\u3011 – cooking; cuisine; dish \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat \u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093 – … <\/p>\n

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