{"id":230,"date":"2017-10-16T13:18:22","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T17:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=230"},"modified":"2017-10-17T14:04:50","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T18:04:50","slug":"surunaru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/surunaru","title":{"rendered":"Using \u3059\u308b and \u306a\u308b with the \u306b particle"},"content":{"rendered":"

We can use the verbs \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d and \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d in conjunction with the \u300c\u306b\u300d particle to make various useful expressions. We are used to using the object particle with \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d because something is usually done to<\/u> something else. We will see how the meaning changes when we change the particle to \u300c\u306b\u300d. As for \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d, it is always used with the \u300c\u306b\u300d particle because “becoming” is not an action done to something else but rather a target of change. The only grammatical point of interest here is using \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d with i-adjectives and verbs.<\/p>\n

Using \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d and \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d for nouns and na-adjectives<\/h2>\n

Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u5f7c \u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 – he; boyfriend<\/li>\n
  2. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese (language)<\/li>\n
  3. \u4e0a\u624b \u3010\u3058\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u305a\u3011 (na-adj) – skillful<\/li>\n
  4. \u306a\u308b (u-verb) – to become<\/li>\n
  5. \u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3011 – me, myself, I<\/li>\n
  6. \u533b\u8005 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3057\u3083\u3011 – doctor<\/li>\n
  7. \u6709\u540d \u3010\u3086\u3046\u30fb\u3081\u3044\u3011 (na-adj) – famous<\/li>\n
  8. \u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 – person<\/li>\n
  9. \u30cf\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc – hamburger<\/li>\n
  10. \u30b5\u30e9\u30c0 – salad<\/li>\n
  11. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
  12. \u4ed6 \u3010\u307b\u304b\u3011 – other<\/li>\n
  13. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n
  14. \u7269 \u3010\u3082\u306e\u3011 – object<\/li>\n
  15. \u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093 – a lot (amount)<\/li>\n
  16. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
  17. \u3084\u306f\u308a\uff0f\u3084\u3063\u3071\u308a – as I thought<\/li>\n
  18. \u3053\u308c – this<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    As already explained, using \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d with nouns and na-adjectives presents nothing new and acts pretty much the way you’d expect.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u5f7c<\/span>\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span>\u304c\u4e0a\u624b<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002
      \nHis Japanese has become skillful.\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u79c1<\/span>\u306f\u533b\u8005<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002
      \nI became a doctor.\n<\/li>\n
    3. \u79c1<\/span>\u306f\u6709\u540d<\/span>\u306a\u4eba<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/em>\u3002
      \nI will become a famous person.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      For adjectives, using the verb \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d with the \u300c\u306b\u300d particle is just a review back to the lesson on adverbs. However, for nouns, when you use the verb \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d with the \u300c\u306b\u300d particle, it means that you are going to do things toward something. This changes the meaning of \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d to mean, “to decide on [X]”. This is a common expression to use, for instance, when you are ordering items on a menu.\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u79c1<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc<\/span>\u3068\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0<\/span>\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/em>\u3002
        \nI’ll have the hamburger and salad. (lit: I’ll do toward hamburger and salad.)\n<\/li>\n
      2. \u4ed6<\/span>\u306b\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3082\u306e<\/span>\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093<\/span>\u3042\u308b<\/span>\u3051\u3069\u3001\u3084\u3063\u3071\u308a<\/span>\u3053\u308c<\/span>\u306b<\/em>\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u3002
        \nThere are a lot of other good things, but as I thought, I’ll go with this one.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        If you think this expression is strange, think about the English expression, “I’ll go with the hamburger.” Exactly where are you going with the hamburger?<\/p>\n

        Using \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d with i-adjectives<\/h2>\n

        Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u53bb\u5e74 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u3011 – last year<\/li>\n
        2. \uff5e\u304b\u3089 (particle) – from \uff5e<\/li>\n
        3. \u80cc \u3010\u305b\u3011 – height<\/li>\n
        4. \u9ad8\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – high; tall; expensive<\/li>\n
        5. \u306a\u308b (u-verb) – to become<\/li>\n
        6. \u904b\u52d5 \u3010\u3046\u3093\u30fb\u3069\u3046\u3011 – exercise<\/li>\n
        7. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
        8. \uff5e\u304b\u3089 (particle) – \uff5e so<\/li>\n
        9. \u5f37\u3044 \u3010\u3064\u3088\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – strong<\/li>\n
        10. \u52c9\u5f37 \u3010\u3079\u3093\u30fb\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – study<\/li>\n
        11. \u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093 – a lot (amount)<\/li>\n
        12. \u982d \u3010\u3042\u305f\u307e\u3011 – head<\/li>\n
        13. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Because the \u300c\u306b\u300d particle is a target particle that is used for nouns and by extension na-adjectives, we need to use something else to show that something is becoming an i-adjective. Since “becoming” expresses a change in state, it makes sense to describe this process using an adverb. In fact, you’ll notice that we were already using adverbs (of a sort) in the previous section by using \u300c\u306b\u300d with na-adjectives.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u53bb\u5e74<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u80cc<\/span>\u304c\u9ad8\u304f<\/span>\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u306d\u3002
            \nYour height has gotten taller from last year, huh?\n<\/li>\n
          2. \u904b\u52d5<\/span>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f37\u304f<\/span>\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/em>\u3002
            \nI will become stronger because I am exercising.\n<\/li>\n
          3. \u52c9\u5f37<\/span>\u3092\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093<\/span>\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u982d<\/span>\u304c\u3088\u304f<\/span>\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002
            \nSince I studied a lot, I became smarter. (lit: head became better)\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Using \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d and \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d with verbs<\/h2>\n

            Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
              \n
            1. \u6d77\u5916 \u3010\u304b\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u3044\u3011 – overseas<\/li>\n
            2. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
            3. \u3053\u3068 – event, matter<\/li>\n
            4. \u306a\u308b (u-verb) – to become<\/li>\n
            5. \u6bce\u65e5 \u3010\u307e\u3044\u30fb\u306b\u3061\u3011 – everyday<\/li>\n
            6. \u8089 \u3010\u306b\u304f\u3011 – meat<\/li>\n
            7. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to eat<\/li>\n
            8. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
            9. \u65e5\u672c \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u3011 – Japan<\/li>\n
            10. \u6765\u308b \u3010\u304f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (exception) – to come<\/li>\n
            11. \u5bff\u53f8 \u3010\u3059\u3057\u3011 – sushi<\/li>\n
            12. \u4e00\u5e74\u9593 \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u304b\u3093\u3011 – span of 1 year<\/li>\n
            13. \u7df4\u7fd2 \u3010\u308c\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3011 – practice<\/li>\n
            14. \u30d4\u30a2\u30ce – piano<\/li>\n
            15. \u5f3e\u304f \u3010\u3072\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to play (piano, guitar)<\/li>\n
            16. \u5730\u4e0b \u3010\u3061\u30fb\u304b\u3011 – underground<\/li>\n
            17. \u5165\u308b \u3010\u306f\u3044\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to enter<\/li>\n
            18. \u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71 \u3010\u3075\u30fb\u3058\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 – Mt. Fuji<\/li>\n
            19. \u898b\u3048\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to be visible<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              You may be wondering how to use \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d and \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d with verbs since there’s no way to directly modify a verb with another verb. The simple solution is to add a generic noun such as a generic event: \u3053\u3068<\/span> \uff08\u4e8b<\/span>\uff09 or an appearance\/manner: \u3088\u3046<\/span> \uff08\u69d8<\/span>\uff09. These nouns don’t refer to anything specific and are used to describe something else. In this case, they allow us to describe verbs in the same manner as nouns. Here are some examples of how to use these generic nouns with \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d and \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u6d77\u5916<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>\u3053\u3068<\/span><\/em>\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u3002
                \nIt’s been decided that I will go abroad. (lit: It became the event of going abroad.)\n<\/li>\n
              2. \u6bce\u65e5<\/span>\u3001\u8089<\/span>\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span>\u3088\u3046<\/span><\/em>\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u3002
                \nIt became so that I eat meat everyday. (lit: It became the appearance of eating meat everyday.)\n<\/li>\n
              3. \u6d77\u5916<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>\u3053\u3068<\/span><\/em>\u306b\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002
                \nI decided I will go abroad. (lit: I did toward the event of going abroad.)\n<\/li>\n
              4. \u6bce\u65e5<\/span>\u3001\u8089<\/span>\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span>\u3088\u3046<\/span><\/em>\u306b\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u3002
                \nI will try to eat meat everyday. (lit: I will do toward the manner of eating meat everyday.)\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                You can modify a verb with \u300c\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d or \u300c\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d by first making it into a noun clause and then treating it just like a regular noun. Pretty clever, huh? I hope the literal translations give you a sense of why the example sentences mean what they do. For instance, in the fourth example, \u300c\uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/span>\u306b\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u300d translates into “to make an effort toward…” but in Japanese, it’s really only a target towards acting in a certain manner.\n<\/p>\n

                \nSince potential verbs describe a state of feasibility rather than an action (remember, that’s why the \u300c\u3092\u300d particle couldn’t be used), it is often used in conjunction with \u300c\uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u300d to describe a change in manner to a state of feasibility. Let’s take this opportunity to get some potential conjugation practice in.\n<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u65e5\u672c<\/span>\u306b\u6765\u3066<\/span>\u3001\u5bff\u53f8<\/span>\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>\u3088\u3046<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002
                  \nAfter coming to Japan, I became able to eat sushi.\n<\/li>\n
                2. \u4e00\u5e74\u9593<\/span>\u7df4\u7fd2<\/span>\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30ce<\/span>\u304c\u5f3e\u3051\u308b<\/span>\u3088\u3046<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002
                  \nBecause I practiced for one year, I became able to play the piano.\n<\/li>\n
                3. \u5730\u4e0b<\/span>\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066<\/span>\u3001\u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71<\/span>\u304c\u898b\u3048\u306a\u304f<\/span>\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3002
                  \nAfter going underground, Fuji-san became not visible.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  We can use the verbs \u300c\u3059\u308b\u300d and \u300c\u306a\u308b\u300d in conjunction with the \u300c\u306b\u300d particle to make various useful expressions. We are used to using the object particle with \u300c\u3059\u308b\u300d because something is usually done to something else. We will see how the meaning changes when we change the particle to \u300c\u306b\u300d. As for \u300c\u306a\u308b\u300d, it … <\/p>\n

                  Continue reading “Using \u3059\u308b and \u306a\u308b with the \u306b particle”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"series":[4],"class_list":["post-230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-essential-grammar","series-grammar-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}