{"id":258,"date":"2017-10-16T13:58:36","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T17:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=258"},"modified":"2017-10-17T14:06:49","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T18:06:49","slug":"review-and-more-sentence-ending-particles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/sentence_ending","title":{"rendered":"Review and more sentence-ending particles"},"content":{"rendered":"

We are coming to the end of the fourth major section of the guide. Do you feel like your Japanese has improved? We’ve come to the point where we’ve learned enough conjugations to be able to start mixing them together in various useful combinations. Of course this can be a little difficult to do without some practice, which is the reason for this lesson. But first, since we’ve come to the end of yet another section, let’s learn some more sentence-endings particles.<\/p>\n

\u300c\u306a\u300d and \u300c\u3055\u300d sentence-ending particles<\/h2>\n

Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u3042\u306e\u3046\uff0f\u3042\u306e – say; well; errr<\/li>\n
  2. \u3046\u3093 – yes (casual)<\/li>\n
  3. \u3053\u306e – this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
  4. \u9593 \u3010\u3042\u3044\u3060\u3011 – space (between); time (between); period<\/li>\n
  5. \u30c7\u30a3\u30ba\u30cb\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9 – Disney Land<\/li>\n
  6. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
  7. \u3059\u3054\u3044 (i-adj) – to a great extent<\/li>\n
  8. \u8fbc\u3080 \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3080\u3011 (u-verb) – to become crowded<\/li>\n
  9. \u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 – what<\/li>\n
  10. \u51fa\u6765\u308b \u3010\u3067\u30fb\u304d\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to be able to do<\/li>\n
  11. \u4eca \u3010\u3044\u307e\u3011 – now<\/li>\n
  12. \u56f3\u66f8\u9928 \u3010\u3068\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u30fb\u304b\u3093\u3011 – library<\/li>\n
  13. \u4f55\u3067 \u3010\u306a\u3093\u30fb\u3067\u3011 – why; how<\/li>\n
  14. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese (language)<\/li>\n
  15. \u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093 – a lot (amount)<\/li>\n
  16. \u52c9\u5f37 \u3010\u3079\u3093\u30fb\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – study<\/li>\n
  17. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
  18. \u307e\u3060 – yet<\/li>\n
  19. \u5168\u7136 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u305c\u3093\u3011 – not at all (when used with negative)<\/li>\n
  20. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
  21. \u5927\u4e08\u592b \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3076\u3011 (na-adj) – ok<\/li>\n
  22. \u306a\u308b (u-verb) – to become<\/li>\n
  23. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n
  24. \u4eca\u65e5 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – today<\/li>\n
  25. \u96e8 \u3010\u3042\u3081\u3011 – rain<\/li>\n
  26. \u964d\u308b \u3010\u3075\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) – to precipitate<\/li>\n
  27. \u5927\u5b66 \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – college<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    After the \u300c\u3088\u300d and \u300c\u306d\u300d, \u300c\u3055\u300d and \u300c\u306a\u300d are the next most commonly used sentence-ending particles.<\/p>\n

    \u300c\u3055\u300d, which is basically a very casual form of \u300c\u3088\u300d, is similar to the English “like” in that some people throw it in at the end of almost every single phrase. Of course, that doesn’t mean it’s necessarily a very sophisticated manner of speech but just like using “like” all the time, I cannot deny that it is an easy habit to fall into. In that sense, due to its over-use, it has almost lost any specific meaning. You may overhear a conversation like the following:\n<\/p>\n

    \uff21\uff1a\u3042\u306e<\/span>\u3055<\/em>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb
    \nA: Hey…<\/p>\n

    \uff22\uff1a\u3046\u3093<\/span>\u3002
    \nB: Yeah.<\/p>\n

    \uff21\uff1a\u3053\u306e\u9593<\/span>\u3055<\/em>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb
    \nA: This one time…<\/p>\n

    \uff22\uff1a\u3046\u3093<\/span>\u3002
    \nB: Yeah.<\/p>\n

    \uff21\uff1a\u30c7\u30a3\u30ba\u30cb\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u3093\u3060\u3051\u3069\u3055<\/em>\u3001\u306a\u3093\u304b<\/span>\u3055<\/em>\u3001\u3059\u3054\u3044<\/span>\u8fbc\u3093\u3067<\/span>\u3066\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb
    \nA: I went to Disney Land and it was really crowded…<\/p>\n

    \uff22\uff1a\u3046\u3093<\/span>
    \nB: Uh huh.<\/p>\n

    \uff21\uff1a\u4f55\u3082<\/span>\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u3066<\/span>\u3055<\/em>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb
    \nA: Couldn’t do anything, you know…<\/p>\n

    And it goes on like this, sometimes the other person might break in to say something related to the topic.<\/p>\n

    You can use \u300c\u306a\u300d in place of \u300c\u306d\u300d when it sounds too soft and reserved for what you want to say or for the audience you are speaking to. Its rough sound generally applies to the male gender but is not necessarily restricted to only males.<\/p>\n

    Example 1<\/h3>\n

    \u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u4eca<\/span>\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>\u3093\u3060\u3088\u306a<\/em>\u3002
    \nYousuke: You are going to the library now huh? (seeking explanation)<\/p>\n

    \u667a\u5b50<\/span>\uff1a\u3046\u3093<\/span>\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3067<\/span>\uff1f
    \nTomoko: Yeah, why?<\/p>\n

    Example 2<\/h3>\n

    \u30dc\u30d6\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093<\/span>\u52c9\u5f37<\/span>\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3051\u3069\u306a<\/em>\u3002\u307e\u3060<\/span>\u5168\u7136<\/span>\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3002
    \nBob: I studied Japanese a lot, right? But, I still don’t get it at all.<\/p>\n

    \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u5927\u4e08\u592b<\/span>\u3088\u3002\u304d\u3063\u3068<\/span>\u308f\u304b\u308b<\/span>\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u3055<\/em>\u3002
    \nAlice: No problem. You’ll become able to understand for sure, you know?<\/p>\n

    \u30dc\u30d6\uff1a\u306a\u3089\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3051\u3069\u306a<\/em>\u3002
    \nBob: If so, it would be good.<\/p>\n

    The \u300c\u306a\u300d sentence-ending particle is often used with the question marker \u300c\u304b\u300d to indicate that the speaker is considering something.\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u4eca\u65e5<\/span>\u306f\u96e8<\/span>\u304c\u964d\u308b<\/span>\u304b\u306a<\/em>\uff1f
      \nI wonder if it’ll rain today.\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u3044\u3044<\/span>\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u306b\u884c\u3051\u308b<\/span>\u304b\u306a<\/em>\uff1f
      \nI wonder if I can go to a good college.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u300c\u304b\u3044\u300d and \u300c\u3060\u3044\u300d sentence-ending particles<\/h2>\n

      Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u304a\u3044 – hey<\/li>\n
      2. \u3069\u3053 – where<\/li>\n
      3. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
      4. \u547c\u3076 \u3010\u3088\u30fb\u3076\u3011 (u-verb) – to call<\/li>\n
      5. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n
      6. \u4e00\u4f53 \u3010\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3044\u3011 – forms an emphatic question (e.g. “why on earth?”)<\/li>\n
      7. \u4f55\u6642 \u3010\u306a\u3093\u30fb\u3058\u3011 – what time<\/li>\n
      8. \u5e30\u308b \u3010\u304b\u3048\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to go home<\/li>\n
      9. \u3064\u3082\u308a – intention, plan<\/li>\n
      10. \u4ffa \u3010\u304a\u308c\u3011 – me; myself; I (masculine)<\/li>\n
      11. \u571f\u66dc\u65e5 \u3010\u3069\u30fb\u3088\u3046\u30fb\u3073\u3011 – Saturday<\/li>\n
      12. \u6620\u753b \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u3011 – movie<\/li>\n
      13. \u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to see<\/li>\n
      14. \u4e00\u7dd2 \u3010\u3044\u3063\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 – together<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u300c\u304b\u3044\u300d and \u300c\u3060\u3044\u300d are strongly masculine sentence endings for asking questions. \u300c\u304b\u3044\u300d is used for yes\/no questions while \u300c\u3060\u3044\u300d is used for open-ended questions.<\/p>\n

        Examples<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u304a\u3044\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3093\u3060\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
          \nHey, where are (you) going?<\/li>\n
        2. \u3055\u304d\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3063\u3066\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3082\u3044\u3044\u304b\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
          \nCan (I) call you Saki-chan?<\/li>\n
        3. \u4e00\u4f53\u4f55\u6642\u306b\u5e30\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3093\u3060\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
          \nWhat time were (you) planning on coming home exactly?<\/li>\n
        4. \u4ffa\u306f\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3051\u3069\u3001\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u884c\u304f\u304b\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
          \nI’m going to see a movie Saturday, go together?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Gender-specific sentence-ending particles<\/h2>\n

          These sentence-ending particles are primarily used just to emphasize something and doesn’t really have a meaning per se. However, they can make your statements sound much stronger and\/or very gender-specific. Using \u300c\u308f\u300d is just like \u300c\u3088\u300d except it will make you sound very feminine (this is a different sound from the \u300c\u308f\u300d used in Kansai dialect). \u300c\u304b\u3057\u3089\u300d is also a very feminine version of \u300c\u304b\u306a\u300d, which we just went over. \u300c\u305e\u300d and \u300c\u305c\u300d are identical to \u300c\u3088\u300d except that it makes you sound “cool” and manly, or at least, that is the intent. These examples may not be very helpful without actually hearing what they sound like.<\/p>\n

          Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u3082\u3046 – already<\/li>\n
          2. \u6642\u9593 \u3010\u3058\u30fb\u304b\u3093\u3011 – time<\/li>\n
          3. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
          4. \u304a\u3044 – hey<\/li>\n
          5. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
          6. \u3053\u308c – this<\/li>\n
          7. \u7d42\u308f\u308a \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u308f\u308a\u3011 – end<\/li>\n
          8. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n
          9. \u5927\u5b66 \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – college<\/li>\n
          10. \u5165\u308b \u3010\u306f\u3044\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to enter<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n
            1. \u3082\u3046<\/span>\u6642\u9593<\/span>\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u308f<\/em>\u3002
              \nThere is no more time.\n<\/li>\n
            2. \u304a\u3044<\/span>\u3001\u884c\u304f<\/span>\u305e<\/em>\uff01
              \nHey, we’re going!\n<\/li>\n
            3. \u3053\u308c<\/span>\u3067\u3001\u3082\u3046<\/span>\u7d42\u308f\u308a<\/span>\u3060\u305c<\/em>\u3002
              \nWith this, it’s over already.\n<\/li>\n
            4. \u3044\u3044<\/span>\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b<\/span>\u304b\u3057\u3089<\/em>\uff1f
              \nI wonder if I can enter a good college.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              That’s a wrap!<\/h2>\n

              Vocabulary<\/h3>\n
                \n
              1. \u52a0\u8cc0 \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u304c\u3011 – Kaga (last name)<\/li>\n
              2. \u5148\u751f \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – teacher<\/li>\n
              3. \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 – a little<\/li>\n
              4. \u8cea\u554f \u3010\u3057\u3064\u30fb\u3082\u3093\u3011 – question<\/li>\n
              5. \u805e\u304f \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to ask; to listen<\/li>\n
              6. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n
              7. \u306f\u3044 – yes (polite)<\/li>\n
              8. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese (language)<\/li>\n
              9. \u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 – what<\/li>\n
              10. \u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to say<\/li>\n
              11. \u305d\u3046 – (things are) that way<\/li>\n
              12. \u5927\u4f53 \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u305f\u3044\u3011 – mostly<\/li>\n
              13. \u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f – good day<\/li>\n
              14. \u601d\u3046 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to think<\/li>\n
              15. \u305f\u3060\u3057 – however<\/li>\n
              16. \u66f8\u304f \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to write<\/li>\n
              17. \u6642 \u3010\u3068\u304d\u3011 – time<\/li>\n
              18. \u4ed6 \u3010\u307b\u304b\u3011 – other<\/li>\n
              19. \u8868\u73fe \u3010\u3072\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3052\u3093\u3011 – expression<\/li>\n
              20. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
              21. \u3053\u308c – this<\/li>\n
              22. \u899a\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u307c\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to memorize<\/li>\n
              23. \u671d \u3010\u3042\u3055\u3011 – morning<\/li>\n
              24. \u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046 – good morning<\/li>\n
              25. \u3067\u3082 – but<\/li>\n
              26. \u4e0a \u3010\u3046\u3048\u3011 – above<\/li>\n
              27. \u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 – person<\/li>\n
              28. \u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059 – good morning (polite)<\/li>\n
              29. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
              30. \u9593\u9055\u3048\u308b \u3010\u307e\u30fb\u3061\u304c\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to make a mistake<\/li>\n
              31. \u52c9\u5f37 \u3010\u3079\u3093\u30fb\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – study<\/li>\n
              32. \u306a\u308b (u-verb) – to become<\/li>\n
              33. \u6d0b\u4ecb \u3010\u3088\u3046\u30fb\u3059\u3051\u3011 – Yousuke (first name)<\/li>\n
              34. \u3042\u306e\u3046\uff0f\u3042\u306e – say; well; errr<\/li>\n
              35. \u82f1\u8a9e \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – English (language)<\/li>\n
              36. \u6559\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u3057\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to teach; to inform<\/li>\n
              37. \u3082\u3089\u3046 (u-verb) – to receive<\/li>\n
              38. \u3082\u3057 – if by any chance<\/li>\n
              39. \u6642\u9593 \u3010\u3058\u30fb\u304b\u3093\u3011 – time<\/li>\n
              40. \u3046\u3093 – yes (casual)<\/li>\n
              41. \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab – America<\/li>\n
              42. \u7559\u5b66 \u3010\u308a\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – study abroad<\/li>\n
              43. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
              44. \u53bb\u5e74 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u3011 – last year<\/li>\n
              45. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
              46. \u304a\u91d1 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304b\u306d\u3011 – money<\/li>\n
              47. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
              48. \u3044\u3064 – when<\/li>\n
              49. \u6b32\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u307b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – wanted; desirable<\/li>\n
              50. \u6765\u9031 \u3010\u3089\u3044\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3011 – next week<\/li>\n
              51. \u6728\u66dc\u65e5 \u3010\u3082\u304f\u30fb\u3088\u3046\u30fb\u3073\u3011 – Thursday<\/li>\n
              52. \u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046 – thank you<\/li>\n
              53. \u6020\u3051\u308b \u3010\u306a\u307e\u30fb\u3051\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to neglect, to be lazy about<\/li>\n
              54. \u6765\u308b \u3010\u304f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (exception) – to come<\/li>\n
              55. \u305d\u3093\u306a – that sort of<\/li>\n
              56. \u3053\u3068 – event, matter<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                We learned quite a lot of things in this section. Let’s try to put it all together by seeing how different kinds of conjugations are used in different combinations. This is of course by no means an exhaustive list but merely an illustration of how we can use what we learned in various combinations to create a lot of useful expressions.<\/p>\n

                Example 1<\/h3>\n

                \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u52a0\u8cc0<\/span>\u5148\u751f<\/span>\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068<\/span>\u8cea\u554f<\/span>\u3092\u805e\u3044\u3066<\/span>\u3082\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
                \n\u52a0\u8cc0<\/span>\u5148\u751f<\/span>\uff1a \u306f\u3044<\/span>\u3001\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002
                \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u300cHello\u300d\u3092\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span>\u3067\u4f55<\/span>\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070<\/span><\/em>\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
                \n\u4f55<\/span>\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070<\/span> = quoted sub-clause + if conditional of \u8a00\u3046<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u52a0\u8cc0<\/span>\u5148\u751f<\/span>\uff1a \u305d\u3046<\/span>\u306d\u3002\u5927\u4f53<\/span>\u3001\u300c\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f<\/span>\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046<\/span>\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/em>\u3088\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057<\/span>\u3001\u66f8\u304f<\/span>\u6642<\/span>\u306f\u300c\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u308f<\/span>\u300d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304f\u3066<\/em>\u3001\u300c\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f<\/span>\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066<\/span>\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
                \n\u300c\u3068\u8a00\u3046<\/span>\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u300d = quoted sub-clause + quoted sub-clause
                \n\u300c\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304f\u3066\u300d = negative sequence of states<\/p>\n

                \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u305d\u3046<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u4ed6<\/span>\u306b\u4f55\u304b<\/span>\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u8868\u73fe<\/span>\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u304b\u3002\n<\/p>\n

                \u52a0\u8cc0<\/span>\u5148\u751f<\/span>\uff1a\u3053\u308c<\/span>\u3082\u899a\u3048<\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3066<\/em>\u306d\u3002\u671d<\/span>\u306f\u3001\u300c\u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046<\/span>\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046<\/span>\u306e\u3002\u3067\u3082<\/span>\u3001\u4e0a<\/span>\u306e\u4eba<\/span>\u306b\u306f\u300c\u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066<\/span>\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002
                \n\u300c\u899a\u3048<\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3066\u300d – \u899a\u3048\u308b<\/span> +
                \nabbreviated form of \uff5e\u3066\u304a\u304f + casual \uff5e\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 with \u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 dropped.<\/p>\n

                \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u306f\u3044<\/span>\u3001\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002\u9593\u9055\u3048\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u52c9\u5f37<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\uff01<\/p>\n

                Literal translation of Example 1<\/h3>\n

                Alice: Kaga-sensei, is it ok to ask you a question?
                \nKaga-sensei: Yes, it’s ok.
                \nAlice: If you say what for “hello” in Japanese, is it ok?
                \nKaga-sensei: Well, mostly, I think people say “konnichiwa”. Only, when you write it, you must write “konnichiha” and not “konnichiwa”.
                \nAlice: Is that so? Are there any other good expressions?
                \nKaga-sensei: Please memorize this too (in preparation for the future). In the morning, everybody says, “ohayou”. But, please say, “ohayou-gozaimasu” to a higher person.
                \nAlice: Yes, I understood. I’ll do in the manner of not making mistake. It became good study!<\/p>\n

                Interpretative translation of Example 1<\/h3>\n

                Alice: Kaga-sensei, is it ok to ask you a question?
                \nKaga-sensei: Sure.
                \nAlice: How do you say “Hello” in Japanese?
                \nKaga-sensei: Well, most of the time, I think people say “konnichiwa”. Only, when you write it, you must write “konnichiha” and not “konnichiwa”.
                \nAlice: Is that so? Are there any other good expressions?
                \nKaga-sensei: You should know this too. In the morning, everybody says, “ohayou”. But, please say, “ohayou-gozaimasu” to a higher person.
                \nAlice: Ok, I got it. I’ll try not to make that mistake. That was very informative!<\/p>\n

                Example 2<\/h3>\n

                \u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u304a\uff01\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3060\u3002\u3042\u306e<\/span>\u306d\u3001\u8cea\u554f<\/span>\u3092\u805e\u3044\u3066<\/span>\u3082\u3044\u3044<\/span>\uff1f
                \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u4f55<\/span>\uff1f<\/p>\n

                \u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068<\/span>\u82f1\u8a9e<\/span>\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066<\/span>\u3082\u3089\u3044\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/em>\u3093\u3060\u3051\u3069\u3055\u3001\u3082\u3057<\/span>\u6642\u9593<\/span>\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070<\/span>\u3001\u6559\u3048\u3066<\/span>\u304f\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span>\uff1f
                \n\u300c\u6559\u3048\u3066<\/span>\u3082\u3089\u3044\u305f\u3044<\/span>\u300d = receiving favor + to want \uff08\u305f\u3044\uff09<\/p>\n

                \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3048\uff1f\u82f1\u8a9e<\/span>\u3092\u52c9\u5f37<\/span>\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u306e\uff1f<\/p>\n

                \u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u3046\u3093<\/span>\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab<\/span>\u3067\u7559\u5b66<\/span>\u3057\u3066<\/span>\u307f\u305f\u3044\u306a\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066<\/span><\/em>\u306d\u3002\u53bb\u5e74<\/span>\u3082\u884c\u3053\u3046<\/span>\u3068\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/em>\u3051\u3069\u3001\u304a\u91d1<\/span>\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3066<\/span>\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb
                \n\u300c\u3057\u3066<\/span>\u307f\u305f\u3044\u306a\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066<\/span>\u300d = to try something out \uff08\uff5e\u3066\u307f\u308b\uff09 + want to \uff08\u305f\u3044\uff09 + \u306a sentence-ending particle + quoted subquote + te-form of \u601d\u3046<\/span>
                \n\u300c\u884c\u3053\u3046<\/span>\u3068\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u300d = volitional of \u884c\u304f<\/span> + to attempt \uff08\u3068\u3059\u308b<\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n

                \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u305d\u3046<\/span>\u306a\u306e\uff1f\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3088\u3002\u3044\u3064<\/span>\u6559\u3048\u3066<\/span>\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u306e\uff1f
                \n\u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u3044\u3064<\/span>\u3067\u3082\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3088\u3002
                \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3058\u3083\u3001\u6765\u9031<\/span>\u306e\u6728\u66dc\u65e5<\/span>\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3069\u3046<\/span>\uff1f
                \n\u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u3046\u3093<\/span>\u3001\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u3088\u3002\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046<\/span>\uff01<\/p>\n

                \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u52c9\u5f37<\/span>\u3092\u6020\u3051\u305f<\/span>\u308a\u3001\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u308a\u3001\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3067<\/em>\u306d\u3002
                \n\u300c\u6020\u3051\u305f<\/span>\u308a\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u308a\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u300d = List of actions \uff08\uff5e\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\uff09 + negative request of \u3059\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n

                \u6d0b\u4ecb<\/span>\uff1a\u305d\u3093\u306a<\/span>\u3053\u3068<\/span>\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3088\uff01<\/p>\n

                Literal translation of Example 2<\/h3>\n

                Yousuke: Oh! It’s Alice. Hey, is it ok to ask a question?
                \nAlice: What?
                \nYousuke: I want to receive the favor of you teaching English and if, by any chance, you have time, will you give the favor of teaching?
                \nAlice: Huh? You are going to study English?
                \nYousuke: Yeah, I was thinking that I want to try studying abroad in America. I tried to make motion toward going last year too but, without money…
                \nAlice: Is that so? It’s good. When do you want me to teach you?
                \nYousuke: Anytime is good.
                \nAlice: Then what about from next week Thursday?
                \nYousuke: Yeah, ok. Thanks!
                \nAlice: Don’t do things like shirk on your studies or not come, ok?
                \nYousuke: I won’t do anything like that!<\/p>\n

                Interpretative translation of Example 2<\/h3>\n

                Yousuke: Oh! It’s Alice. Hey, can I ask you a question?
                \nAlice: What up?
                \nYousuke: I want to learn English so if you have time, can you teach me?
                \nAlice: Huh? You’re going to study English?
                \nYousuke: Yeah, I was thinking about studying abroad in America. I tried going last year too but I didn’t have the money.
                \nAlice: Really? No problem. When do you want me to teach you?
                \nYousuke: Anytime is fine.
                \nAlice: What about from next week Thursday then?
                \nYousuke: OK, thanks!
                \nAlice: You’re not going to shirk on your studies or not come or anything right?
                \nYousuke: I won’t do anything like that!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                We are coming to the end of the fourth major section of the guide. Do you feel like your Japanese has improved? We’ve come to the point where we’ve learned enough conjugations to be able to start mixing them together in various useful combinations. Of course this can be a little difficult to do without … <\/p>\n

                Continue reading “Review and more sentence-ending particles”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"series":[4],"class_list":["post-258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-essential-grammar","series-grammar-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=258"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}