{"id":288,"date":"2017-10-16T14:21:27","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T18:21:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=288"},"modified":"2017-10-17T14:12:46","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T18:12:46","slug":"expressing-a-lack-of-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/nochange","title":{"rendered":"Expressing a lack of change"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Up until now, we&#8217;ve mostly been talking about things that have happened or changed in the course of events.  We will now learn some simple grammar to express a <i>lack<\/i> of change.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"part2\">Using \u300c\u307e\u307e\u300d to express a lack of change<\/h2>\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3053\u306e &#8211; this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9c\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3088\u308d\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; good (formal)<\/li>\n<li>\u534a\u5206 \u3010\u306f\u3093\u30fb\u3076\u3093\u3011 &#8211; half<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to eat<\/li>\n<li>\u6368\u3066\u308b \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u3066\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to throw away<\/li>\n<li>\u99c4\u76ee \u3010\u3060\u3081\u3011 &#8211; no good<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u308b (ru-verb) &#8211; to exist (animate)<\/li>\n<li>\u4eca\u65e5 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 &#8211; today<\/li>\n<li>\u60b2\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u304b\u306a\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; sad<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u306e &#8211; that \uff08abbr. of \u305d\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u683c\u597d \u3010\u304b\u3063\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 &#8211; appearance<\/li>\n<li>\u30af\u30e9\u30d6 &#8211; club; nightclub<\/li>\n<li>\u5165\u308b \u3010\u306f\u3044\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to enter<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u300c\u307e\u307e\u300d, not to be confused with the childish expression for &#8220;mother&#8221; \uff08\u30de\u30de\uff09, is a grammatical phrase to express a lack of change in something. Grammatically, it is used just like a regular noun. You&#8217;ll most likely hear this grammar at a convenience store when you buy a very small item. Since store clerks use super polite expressions and at lightning fast speeds, learning this one expression will help you out a bit in advance. (Of course, upon showing a lack of comprehension, the person usually repeats the exact same phrase&#8230; at the exact same speed.)<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span title=\"\u3053\u306e - this\" class=\"popup\">\u3053\u306e<\/span><em>\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u3067<span title=\"\u3088\u308d\u3057\u3044 - good\" class=\"popup\">\u5b9c\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\nIs it ok <em>just like<\/em> this?\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In other words, the clerk wants to know if you&#8217;ll take it just like that or whether you want it in a small bag. \u300c<span title=\"\u3088\u308d\u3057\u3044 - good\" class=\"popup\">\u5b9c\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u300d, in case I haven&#8217;t gone over it yet, is simply a very polite version of \u300c<span title=\"\u3044\u3044 - good\" class=\"popup\">\u3044\u3044<\/span>\u300d. Notice that \u300c\u307e\u307e\u300d grammatically works just like a regular noun which means, as usual, that you can modify it with verb phrases or adjectives.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<span title=\"\u306f\u3093\u3076\u3093 - half\" class=\"popup\">\u534a\u5206<\/span>\u3057\u304b<em><span title=\"\u305f\u3079\u308b - to eat\" class=\"popup\">\u98df\u3079\u3066\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u3067<span title=\"\u3059\u3066\u308b - to throw out\" class=\"popup\">\u6368\u3066\u3061\u3083<\/span><span title=\"\u3060\u3081 - bad; no good\" class=\"popup\">\u30c0\u30e1<\/span>\uff01<br \/>\nYou can&#8217;t throw it out leaving it in that half-eaten condition!\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ok, the translation is very loose, but the idea is that it&#8217;s in an unchanged state of being half-eaten and you can&#8217;t just throw that out.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a good example I found googling around.<br \/>\nHint: The \u300c<span title=\"\u3044\u308b - to exist (animate)\" class=\"popup\">\u3044\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/span>\u300d is the causative form of \u300c<span title=\"\u3044\u308b - to exist (animate)\" class=\"popup\">\u3044\u308b<\/span>\u300d meaning &#8220;let\/make me exist&#8221;.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<span title=\"\u304d\u3087\u3046 - today\" class=\"popup\">\u4eca\u65e5<\/span>\u3060\u3051\u306f<em><span title=\"\u304b\u306a\u3057\u3044 - sad\" class=\"popup\">\u60b2\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u3067<span title=\"\u3044\u308b - to exist (animate)\" class=\"popup\">\u3044\u3055\u305b\u3066<\/span><span title=\"\u307b\u3057\u3044 - want\" class=\"popup\">\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nFor only today, I want you to let me stay in this sad condition.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Finally, just in case, here&#8217;s an example of direct noun modification.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span title=\"\u305d\u306e - that\" class=\"popup\">\u305d\u306e<\/span><em><span title=\"\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3046 - appearance\" class=\"popup\">\u683c\u597d<\/span>\u306e\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u3067<span title=\"\u30af\u30e9\u30d6 - club\" class=\"popup\">\u30af\u30e9\u30d6<\/span>\u306b<span title=\"\u306f\u3044\u308b - to enter\" class=\"popup\">\u5165\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nYou can&#8217;t get in the club in that getup (without changing it).\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"part3\">Using \u300c\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057\u300d to leave something the way it is<\/h2>\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u653e\u3059 \u3010\u306f\u306a\u30fb\u3059\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to release; to set loose<\/li>\n<li>\u304f\u308c\u308b (ru-verb) &#8211; to give<\/li>\n<li>\u307b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u304b\u3059 (u-verb) &#8211; to neglect<\/li>\n<li>\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3 &#8211; TV, television<\/li>\n<li>\u958b\u3051\u308b \u3010\u3042\u30fb\u3051\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to open<\/li>\n<li>\u66f8\u304f \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to write<\/li>\n<li>\u3064\u3051\u308b (ru-verb) &#8211; to attach; to turn on<\/li>\n<li>\u3059\u308b (exception) &#8211; to do<\/li>\n<li>\u7720\u308c\u308b \u3010\u306d\u3080\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to fall asleep<\/li>\n<li>\u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 &#8211; person<\/li>\n<li>\u7d50\u69cb \u3010\u3051\u3063\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 &#8211; fairly, reasonably<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u308b (ru-verb) &#8211; to exist (animate)<\/li>\n<li>\u7a93 \u3010\u307e\u3069\u3011 &#8211; window<\/li>\n<li>\u868a \u3010\u304b\u3011 &#8211; mosquito<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3063\u3071\u3044 &#8211; full<\/li>\n<li>\u5165\u308b \u3010\u306f\u3044\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to enter<\/li>\n<li>\u3057\u307e\u3046 (u-verb) &#8211; to do something by accident; to finish completely<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The verb \u300c<span title=\"\u306f\u306a\u3059 - to set loose\" class=\"popup\">\u653e\u3059<\/span>\u300d meaning &#8220;to set loose&#8221;, can be used in various ways in regards to leaving something the way it is. For instance, a variation  \u300c<span title=\"\u307b\u3063\u3068\u304f - to leave alone\" class=\"popup\">\u653e\u3063\u3068\u304f<\/span>\u300d is used when you want to say &#8220;Leave me alone&#8221;. For instance, you might use the command form of a request \uff08<span title=\"\u304f\u308c\u308b - to give\" class=\"popup\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span>\uff09 and say, \u300c<span title=\"\u307b\u3063\u3068\u304f - to leave alone\" class=\"popup\">\u307b\u3063\u3068\u3044\u3066<\/span><span title=\"\u304f\u308c\u308b - to give\" class=\"popup\">\u304f\u308c<\/span>\uff01\u300d(Leave me alone!). Yet another variant \u300c<span title=\"\u307b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u304b\u3059 - to neglect\" class=\"popup\">\u307b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u304b\u3059<\/span>\u300d means &#8220;to neglect&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The grammar I would like to discuss here is the \u300c\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057\u300d suffix variant. You can attach this suffix to the stem of any verb to describe the act of doing something and leaving it that way without changing it. You can treat the combination like a regular noun.\n<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a link with more <a href=\"http:\/\/jisho.org\/sentences?jap=\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057\">examples of this grammar<\/a>. As you can see by the examples, this suffix carries a nuance that the thing left alone is due to oversight or neglect. Here are the (simple) conjugation rules for this grammar.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Using \u300c\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057\u300d to complete an action and leave it that way<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"plain\">\n<li>Take the stem of the verb and attach \u300c\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057\u300d.<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span title=\"\u3042\u3051\u308b - to open\" class=\"popup\">\u958b\u3051<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em><\/span> \u2192 <span title=\"\u3042\u3051\u308b - to open\" class=\"popup\">\u958b\u3051<\/span><em>\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span title=\"\u304b\u304f - to write\" class=\"popup\">\u66f8<em><strike>\u304f<\/strike><\/em><\/span> \u2192 <span title=\"\u304b\u304f - to write\" class=\"popup\">\u66f8<em>\u304d<\/em><\/span> \u2192 <span title=\"\u304b\u304f - to write\" class=\"popup\">\u66f8\u304d<\/span><em>\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span title=\"\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3 - television\" class=\"popup\">\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3<\/span>\u3092<em><span title=\"\u3064\u3051\u308b - to attach; to turn on\" class=\"popup\">\u3064\u3051<\/span>\u3063\u3071\u306a\u3057<\/em>\u306b<span title=\"\u3059\u308b - to do\" class=\"popup\">\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070<\/span><span title=\"\u306d\u3080\u308c\u308b - to fall sleep\" class=\"popup\">\u7720\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span><span title=\"\u3072\u3068 - person\" class=\"popup\">\u4eba<\/span>\u306f\u3001<span title=\"\u3051\u3063\u3053\u3046 - fairly\" class=\"popup\">\u7d50\u69cb<\/span><span title=\"\u3044\u308b - to exist (animate)\" class=\"popup\">\u3044\u308b<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nThere exists a fair number of people who cannot sleep unless they turn on the TV and leave it that way.\n<\/li>\n<li><span title=\"\u307e\u3069 - window\" class=\"popup\">\u7a93<\/span>\u304c<em><span title=\"\u3042\u3051\u308b - to open\" class=\"popup\">\u958b\u3051<\/span>\u3063\u653e\u3057<\/em>\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001<span title=\"\u304b - mosquito\" class=\"popup\">\u868a<\/span>\u304c<span title=\"\u3044\u3063\u3071\u3044 - a lot; full\" class=\"popup\">\u3044\u3063\u3071\u3044<\/span><span title=\"\u306f\u3044\u308b - to enter\" class=\"popup\">\u5165\u3063\u3066<\/span>\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002<br \/>\nThe window was left wide open so a lot of mosquitoes got in.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Up until now, we&#8217;ve mostly been talking about things that have happened or changed in the course of events. We will now learn some simple grammar to express a lack of change. Using \u300c\u307e\u307e\u300d to express a lack of change Vocabulary \u3053\u306e &#8211; this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09 \u5b9c\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3088\u308d\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; good (formal) \u534a\u5206 \u3010\u306f\u3093\u30fb\u3076\u3093\u3011 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/grammar\/nochange\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Expressing a lack of change&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"series":[4],"class_list":["post-288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-special-expressions","series-grammar-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=288"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=288"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}