{"id":373,"date":"2017-10-16T17:29:39","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T21:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=373"},"modified":"2019-05-04T10:47:44","modified_gmt":"2019-05-04T14:47:44","slug":"additional-sounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/more_sounds","title":{"rendered":"Additional Sounds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><audio id=\"clip_inline\" src=\"\"> <\/audio><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/videoseries?list=PL54E7AB72A8998E5F&amp;hl=en_US\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Though we have covered all the distinct characters in both Hiragana and Katakana, there are additional variations and sounds that still remain to be learned.<\/p>\n<h2>Voiced Consonants<\/h2>\n<p>Voiced consonants are consonant sounds that require a voice, creating a vibration in your throat. A number of consonant sounds in Hiragana and Katakana can be changed to their voiced counterpart by adding two small dashes to the upper-right corner of the character; namely the &#8220;k&#8221;, &#8220;s&#8221;, &#8220;t&#8221;, and &#8220;h&#8221; consonant sounds. There is also a semi-voiced consonant sound &#8220;p&#8221;, which is created by putting a small circle in the upper-right corner of the &#8220;h&#8221; characters.<\/p>\n<table class=\"big\" border=\"1\">\n<caption>Voiced Hiragana &#8211; Click for Sound<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>p<\/th>\n<th>b<\/th>\n<th>d<\/th>\n<th>z<\/th>\n<th>g<\/th>\n<th>&nbsp;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u3071<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3070<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3060<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3056<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304c<\/a><\/td>\n<th>a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u3074<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3073<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3062<\/a><br \/>\n(ji)<\/td>\n<td><a>\u3058<\/a><br \/>\n(ji)<\/td>\n<td><a>\u304e<\/a><\/td>\n<th>i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u3077<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3076<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3065<\/a><br \/>\n(dzu)<\/td>\n<td><a>\u305a<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3050<\/a><\/td>\n<th>u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u307a<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3079<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3067<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u305c<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3052<\/a><\/td>\n<th>e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u307d<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u307c<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3069<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u305e<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3054<\/a><\/td>\n<th>o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"big\" border=\"1\">\n<caption>Voiced Katakana &#8211; Click for Sound<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>p<\/th>\n<th>b<\/th>\n<th>d<\/th>\n<th>z<\/th>\n<th>g<\/th>\n<th>&nbsp;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30d1<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d0<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c0<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b6<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ac<\/a><\/td>\n<th>a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30d4<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c2<\/a><br \/>\n(ji)<\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b8<\/a><br \/>\n(ji)<\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ae<\/a><\/td>\n<th>i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30d7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d6<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c5<\/a><br \/>\n(dzu)<\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ba<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b0<\/a><\/td>\n<th>u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30da<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d9<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30bc<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b2<\/a><\/td>\n<th>e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30dd<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30dc<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c9<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30be<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b4<\/a><\/td>\n<th>o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Y-vowel sounds<\/h2>\n<p>A consonant can precede the three y-sounds: \u300c\u3084\u300d\u3001\u300c\u3086\u300d\u3001 and \u300c\u3088\u300d. This is done by attaching a small, half-size version of the y-sounds to the consonant+i sounds as you can see in the table below.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<caption>All small \u3084\u3001\u3086\u3001and \u3088 combinations in Hiragana &#8211; Click for Sound<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>p<\/th>\n<th>b<\/th>\n<th>j<\/th>\n<th>g<\/th>\n<th>r<\/th>\n<th>m<\/th>\n<th>h<\/th>\n<th>n<\/th>\n<th>c<\/th>\n<th>s<\/th>\n<th>k<\/th>\n<th>&nbsp;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u3074\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3073\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3058\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304e\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u308a\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u307f\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3072\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u306b\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3061\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3057\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304d\u3083<\/a><\/td>\n<th>ya<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u3074\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3073\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3058\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304e\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u308a\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u307f\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3072\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u306b\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3061\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3057\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304d\u3085<\/a><\/td>\n<th>yu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u3074\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3073\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3058\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304e\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u308a\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u307f\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3072\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u306b\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3061\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u3057\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u304d\u3087<\/a><\/td>\n<th>yo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<caption>All small \u3084\u3001\u3086\u3001and \u3088 combinations in Katakana &#8211; Click for Sound<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>p<\/th>\n<th>b<\/th>\n<th>j<\/th>\n<th>g<\/th>\n<th>r<\/th>\n<th>m<\/th>\n<th>h<\/th>\n<th>n<\/th>\n<th>c<\/th>\n<th>s<\/th>\n<th>k<\/th>\n<th>&nbsp;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30d4\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d3\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b8\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ae\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ea\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30df\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d2\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30cb\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c1\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b7\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ad\u30e3<\/a><\/td>\n<th>ya<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30d4\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d3\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b8\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ae\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ea\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30df\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d2\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30cb\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c1\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b7\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ad\u30e5<\/a><\/td>\n<th>yu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><a>\u30d4\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d3\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b8\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ae\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ea\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30df\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30d2\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30cb\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30c1\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30b7\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a>\u30ad\u30e7<\/a><\/td>\n<th>yo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Hard Consonant Sounds<\/h2>\n<p>While no single letter ends in a consonant sound \uff08except \u300c\u3093\u300d\uff09, Japanese does have a way to carry over the next consonant sound back with a small \u300c\u3064\u300d. This can be used with the consonants &#8220;p, k, t, s&#8221; to create a hard stop.<\/p>\n<p>For example, \u300c\u3072\u3068\u300d (meaning &#8220;person&#8221;) would normally be read as &#8220;hi-to&#8221;. However, by adding a small \u300c\u3064\u300d: \u300c\u3072<em>\u3063<\/em>\u3068\u300d, the &#8220;t&#8221; consonant sound is carried back and is pronounced &#8220;hi<em>t<\/em>-to&#8221; (meaning &#8220;hit&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>Here are some more examples.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c8\u30e9<em>\u30c3<\/em>\u30af (to-ra<em>k<\/em>-ku) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"torakku\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; truck<\/li>\n<li>\u3056<em>\u3063<\/em>\u3057 (za<em>s<\/em>-shi) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"zasshi\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; magazine<\/li>\n<li>\u30ab<em>\u30c3<\/em>\u30d7 (ka<em>p<\/em>-pu) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"kappu\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; cup<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>The Long Vowel Sound<\/h2>\n<p>We will now go over the long vowel sound which is simply extending the duration of a vowel sound. You can extend the vowel sound of a character by adding either \u300c\u3042\u300d\u3001\u300c\u3044\u300d\u3001or \u300c\u3046\u300d depending on the vowel as shown in the following chart.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Extending Vowel Sounds<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Vowel Sound<\/th>\n<th>Extended by<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\/ a \/<\/td>\n<td>\u3042<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\/ i \/ e \/<\/td>\n<td>\u3044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\/ u \/ o \/<\/td>\n<td>\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For example, if you wanted to create an extended vowel sound from \u300c\u304b\u300d, you would add \u300c\u3042\u300d to create \u300c\u304b\u3042\u300d. Other examples would include: \u300c\u304d \u2192 \u304d\u3044\u300d, \u300c\u304f \u2192 \u304f\u3046\u300d, \u300c\u3051 \u2192 \u3051\u3044\u300d, \u300c\u3053 \u2192 \u3053\u3046\u300d, \u300c\u3055 \u2192 \u3055\u3042\u300d and so on. The reason for this is quite simple. Try saying \u300c\u304b\u300d and \u300c\u3042\u300d separately. Then say them in succession as fast as you can. You&#8217;ll notice that it&#8217;s easier to drag out the vowel.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to make sure you hold the vowel sound to the full length of both characters because there are many similar words that are only different by the length of the vowel. For example, \u300c\u3053\u3053\u300d means &#8220;here&#8221; while \u300c\u3053\u3046\u3053\u3046\u300d means &#8220;High school&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Here is a short list of example words with long vowel sounds. The long vowel sound is highlighted.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u304c\u304f\u305b<em>\u3044<\/em> (ga-ku-s<em>e<\/em>) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"gakusei\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; student<\/li>\n<li>\u305b\u3093\u305b<em>\u3044<\/em> (sen-s<em>e<\/em>) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"sensei\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; teacher<\/li>\n<li>\u304d\u3087<em>\u3046<\/em> (ky<em>o<\/em>) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"kyou\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; today<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u306f\u3088<em>\u3046<\/em> (o-ha-y<em>o<\/em>) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"ohayou\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; good morning<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u304b<em>\u3042<\/em>\u3055\u3093 (o-k<em>a<\/em>-san) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"okaasan\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; mother<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There are also a small number of exceptions where an &#8220;e&#8221; vowel sound is extended by adding \u300c\u3048\u300d or an &#8220;o&#8221; vowel sound is extended with \u300c\u304a\u300d. We&#8217;ll see example of these words in later sections.<\/p>\n<p>Long vowel sounds in Katakana are much easier. You simply need to use a dash: \u300c\u30fc\u300d.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c4\u30a2<em>\u30fc<\/em> (tsu-<em>a<\/em>) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"tsua\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; tour<\/li>\n<li>\u30e1<em>\u30fc<\/em>\u30eb (m<em>e<\/em>-ru) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"meeru\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; email<\/li>\n<li>\u30b1<em>\u30fc<\/em>\u30ad (k<em>e<\/em>-ki) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"keiki\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; cake<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Additional Katakana Sounds<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gBdX3kZEUTw\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u3075\u300d is the only sound that is pronounced with a &#8220;f&#8221; sound, for example \u300c\u3075\u3068\u3093\u300d (futon) or \u300c\u3075\u3058\u300d (Fuji). That&#8217;s fine in Japanese because there are no words with other &#8220;f&#8221; sounds such as &#8220;fa&#8221;, &#8220;fi&#8221;, or &#8220;fo&#8221;. However, it&#8217;s a problem when converting foreign words such as &#8220;fork&#8221; into Katakana.<\/p>\n<p>This problem was solved by using small vowel sounds. For example, the small \u300c\u30a9\u300d can be attached to \u300c\u30d5\u300d to create \u300c\u30d5\u30a9\u300d (fo). &#8220;Fork&#8221; then becomes \uff3b\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u300d. There are other gaps that are filled with this technique. The &#8220;v&#8221; sounds are also expressed by putting two dashes to the vowel sounds. However, &#8220;v&#8221; sounds are rarely used due to the difficulty native Japanese speakers have in pronouncing them.<\/p>\n<p>The following table shows the gaps that were filled using these techniques for Katakana.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<caption>Additional sounds<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>v<\/th>\n<th>w<\/th>\n<th>f<\/th>\n<th>ch<\/th>\n<th>d<\/th>\n<th>t<\/th>\n<th>j<\/th>\n<th>sh<\/th>\n<th>&nbsp;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><em>\u30f4\u30a1<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30ef<\/td>\n<td><em>\u30d5\u30a1<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30c1\u30e3<\/td>\n<td>\u30c0<\/td>\n<td>\u30bf<\/td>\n<td>\u30b8\u30e3<\/td>\n<td>\u30b7\u30e3<\/td>\n<th>a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><em>\u30f4\u30a3<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30a6\u30a3<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30d5\u30a3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30c1<\/td>\n<td><em>\u30c7\u30a3<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30c6\u30a3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30b8<\/td>\n<td>\u30b7<\/td>\n<th>i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><em>\u30f4<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30a6<\/td>\n<td>\u30d5<\/td>\n<td>\u30c1\u30e5<\/td>\n<td><em>\u30c9\u30a5<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30c8\u30a5<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30b8\u30e5<\/td>\n<td>\u30b7\u30e5<\/td>\n<th>u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><em>\u30f4\u30a7<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30a6\u30a7<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30d5\u30a7<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30c1\u30a7<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30c7<\/td>\n<td>\u30c6<\/td>\n<td><em>\u30b8\u30a7<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30b7\u30a7<\/em><\/td>\n<th>e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td><em>\u30f4\u30a9<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30a6\u30a9<\/em><\/td>\n<td><em>\u30d5\u30a9<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u30c1\u30e7<\/td>\n<td>\u30c9<\/td>\n<td>\u30c8<\/td>\n<td>\u30b8\u30e7<\/td>\n<td>\u30b7\u30e7<\/td>\n<th>o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30bd<em>\u30d5\u30a1<\/em> (so-<em>fa<\/em>) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"sofa\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; sofa<\/li>\n<li><em>\u30a6\u30a3<\/em>\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u30ba (<em>wi<\/em>n-do-u-zu) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"windouzu\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; Windows (as in MS Windows)<\/li>\n<li><em>\u30a6\u30a9<\/em>\u30c3\u30ab (<em>wo<\/em>k-ka) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"wokka\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; vodka<\/li>\n<li><em>\u30c1\u30a7<\/em>\u30c3\u30af (<em>che<\/em>k-ku) <a class=\"playIcon\" href=\"chekku\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"position: relative; top: 3px;\" src=\"\/images\/play.png\" alt=\"play\"><\/a> &#8211; check<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Though we have covered all the distinct characters in both Hiragana and Katakana, there are additional variations and sounds that still remain to be learned. Voiced Consonants Voiced consonants are consonant sounds that require a voice, creating a vibration in your throat. A number of consonant sounds in Hiragana and Katakana can be changed to &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/more_sounds\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Additional Sounds&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-writing-systems-and-pronunciation","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1612,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions\/1612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}