{"id":393,"date":"2017-10-16T18:17:48","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=393"},"modified":"2017-10-17T14:20:57","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T18:20:57","slug":"topic-particles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/topic_particles","title":{"rendered":"Topic Particles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Context plays a powerful role in Japanese so one word sentences are perfectly fine for simple question and answers. However, longer and more sophisticated sentences will consist of many words that perform various grammatical roles. In Japanese, the grammatical role each word plays in a sentence is defined by <i>particles<\/i>. Particles are one or more Hiragana characters that assign a certain grammatical function to the word that comes before it. We&#8217;ll see how this works by first learning the topic particle.<\/p>\n<h2>\u300c\u306f\u300d Topic Particle<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uZb5IOXBByQ\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>As mentioned previously, context is very important in Japanese and is often silently understood by the situation. However, what you want to talk about may not always be obvious or you may want to change the topic of the conversation. For that purpose, the \u300c\u306f\u300d topic particle is used to indicate a <i>new<\/i> topic for the conversation.<\/p>\n<h3>Important note!<\/h3>\n<p>The topic particle while written as \u300c\u306f\u300d, is pronounced \u300c\u308f\u300d.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3053\u308c &#8211; this<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 &#8211; what<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c &#8211; that<\/li>\n<li>\u30da\u30f3 &#8211; pen<\/li>\n<li>\u4eca \u3010\u3044\u307e\u3011 &#8211; now<\/li>\n<li>\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 &#8211; a little (casual)<\/li>\n<li>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3044\u305d\u304c\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 &#8211; busy<\/li>\n<li>\u6620\u753b \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u3011 &#8211; movie<\/li>\n<li>\u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 &#8211; likable (unlike English &#8220;like&#8221; is an adjective not a verb)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4f55\uff08\u306a\u3093\uff09\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">(As for) this, what is (it)?<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">(As for) that, (it&#8217;s) a pen.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4eca\u306f\u3001\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\uff1f<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">(As for) now, busy?<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4eca\u306f\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">(As for) now, (I&#8217;m) a little busy.<\/span>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6620\u753b\u306f\u3001\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">(As for) movie(s), (do you) like? (lit: is likable?)<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">(I) like (them). (lit: Is likable.)<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Greetings<\/h3>\n<p>The topic particle is also used in the greetings for daytime and evening. The expressions were originally full sentences with a topic meaning, &#8220;As for today\/tonight, how is your mood?&#8221; but they were eventually shortened to just &#8220;As for today&#8221; and &#8220;As for tonight&#8221;.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f &#8211; Good day (pronounced \u300c\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061<em>\u308f<\/em>\u300d)<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u3093\u3070\u3093\u306f &#8211; Good evening (pronounced \u300c\u3053\u3093\u3070\u3093<em>\u308f<\/em>\u300d)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>How are things lately?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6700\u8fd1\u3000\u3010\u3055\u3044\u30fb\u304d\u3093\u3011 &#8211; recent; lately<\/li>\n<li>\u3069\u3046 &#8211; how<\/li>\n<li>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3000\u3010\u3044\u305d\u304c\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 &#8211; busy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u751f\uff1a \u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061<em>\u306f<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061<em>\u306f<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n\u5148\u751f\uff1a \u6700\u8fd1<em>\u306f<\/em>\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nTeacher: Good day.<br \/>\nSmith: Good day.<br \/>\nTeacher: (As for) lately, how (is it)?<br \/>\nSmith: Busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u300c\u3082\u300d Inclusive Topic Particle<\/h2>\n<p>The \u300c\u3082\u300d particle used the same way as \u300c\u306f\u300d topic particle but adds the meaning of &#8220;as well&#8221; or &#8220;also&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>Suspiciously busy<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4eca\u65e5\u3000\u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 &#8211; today<\/li>\n<li>\u660e\u65e5\u3000\u3010\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3011 &#8211; tomorrow<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u3055\u3063\u3066 &#8211; day after tomorrow<\/li>\n<li>\u3046\u3093 &#8211; yes (casual)<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u5f53\u3000\u3010\u307b\u3093\u3068\u3046\u3011 &#8211; truth; reality<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u3046\u3093\u3001\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u660e\u65e5\u306f\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u660e\u65e5<em>\u3082<\/em>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u3042\u3055\u3063\u3066\u306f\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u3042\u3055\u3063\u3066<em>\u3082<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\uff1f<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nLee:  As for today, (are you) busy?<br \/>\nSmith :  Yeah, (I&#8217;m) busy.<br \/>\nLee:  What about tomorrow?<br \/>\nSmith:  Tomorrow is <em>also<\/em> busy.<br \/>\nLee:  What about the day after tomorrow?<br \/>\nSmith:  The day after tomorrow <em>too<\/em>.<br \/>\nLee:  Really?\u3000(lit: Is it true?)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Context plays a powerful role in Japanese so one word sentences are perfectly fine for simple question and answers. However, longer and more sophisticated sentences will consist of many words that perform various grammatical roles. In Japanese, the grammatical role each word plays in a sentence is defined by particles. Particles are one or more &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/topic_particles\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Topic Particles&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nouns-and-adjectives","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}