{"id":395,"date":"2017-10-16T18:18:15","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:18:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=395"},"modified":"2017-10-17T14:21:03","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T18:21:03","slug":"addressing-people-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/people","title":{"rendered":"Addressing People"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QK7HCBqc_-c\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Addressing other people directly<\/h2>\n<p>In Japanese, the word &#8220;you&#8221; is seldom used to refer to a person except in the case of very close relationships. Most of the time, you will refer to people using their name (last name is more polite than first) usually followed by a name-suffix. You have probably already heard \u300c\u3055\u3093\u300d somewhere at some point. It is the polite name-suffix used to refer to your social superiors, elders, or people you are unfamiliar with. The most common name-suffixes are listed below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff5e\u3055\u3093 &#8211; Polite name-suffix (gender-neutral)<\/li>\n<li>\uff5e\u541b \u3010\u304f\u3093\u3011 &#8211; Casual name-suffix (generally for males)<\/li>\n<li>\uff5e\u3061\u3083\u3093 &#8211; Casual name-suffix (generally for females)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you&#8217;re not sure which to use to address someone, \u300c\u3055\u3093\u300d with the person&#8217;s last name is generally the safest option. You can also always ask the person what they prefer to be called by.<\/p>\n<h3>Always sleepy<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u306f\u3044 &#8211; yes (polite)<\/li>\n<li>\u3067\u3082 &#8211; but<\/li>\n<li>\u7720\u3044 \u3010\u306d\u3080\u30fb\u3044\u3011 &#8211; sleepy<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c &#8211; that<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u5909 \u3010\u305f\u3044\u30fb\u3078\u3093\u3011 &#8211; hardship; rough time; tough<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u4e08\u592b \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3076\u3011 &#8211; ok<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3064\u3082 &#8211; always<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u751f\uff1a \u30b9\u30df\u30b9<em>\u3055\u3093<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u306f\u3044\u3001\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u5148\u751f\uff1a \u30ea\u30fc<em>\u3055\u3093<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u306f\u3044\u3001\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u7720\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u5148\u751f\uff1a \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5909\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u5927\u4e08\u592b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30ea\u30fc<em>\u3055\u3093<\/em>\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3082\u7720\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nTeacher: Smith-san, (are you) well?<br \/>\nSmith: Yes, (I&#8217;m) fine.<br \/>\nTeacher: Lee-san, (are you) well?<br \/>\nLee: Yes, (I&#8217;m) fine. But (I&#8217;m) sleepy.<br \/>\nTeacher: That&#8217;s tough.<br \/>\nSmith: (It&#8217;s) ok. Lee-san is always sleepy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Talking about yourself<\/h2>\n<p>We already saw that it&#8217;s usually understood implicitly by context when you&#8217;re talking about yourself. However, there are times you may still want to refer to yourself as a topic to say, &#8220;As for me&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;me too&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>There are several options for referring to yourself depending on level of politeness and gender.<\/p>\n<h3>List of different words meaning me, myself, and I<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3011 &#8211; polite, gender-neutral<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057\u3011 &#8211; same Kanji as \u300c\u308f\u305f\u3057\u300d but this reading is only used in very formal situations<\/li>\n<li>\u50d5 \u3010\u307c\u304f\u3011 &#8211; polite, masculine<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u305f\u3057 &#8211; casual, very feminine<\/li>\n<li>\u4ffa \u3010\u304a\u308c\u3011 &#8211; very casual and masculine<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>How&#8217;s the pizza?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30d4\u30b6 &#8211; pizza<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 &#8211; tasty<\/li>\n<li>\u3046\u3046\u3093 &#8211; no (casual)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u30d4\u30b6\u306f\u3001\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u3046\u3046\u3093\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a <em>\u79c1<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nJohn: As for pizza, tasty?<br \/>\nLee: No.<br \/>\nAlice: As for me, tasty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This short conversation highlights a very important point. The topic only brings up the general topic of the conversation and does not necessarily indicate the subject of any one particular sentence. The last sentence \u300c\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044\u300d would be very strange if it meant &#8220;I am tasty&#8221;. However, because &#8220;I&#8221; is only a general topic, from the context of the entire conversation, we know that Alice is saying that <i>as for her<\/i>, the <i>pizza<\/i> is tasty.<\/p>\n<h2>Addressing family members<\/h2>\n<p>We&#8217;ve already encountered the honorific prefix \u300c\u304a\u300d in \u300c\u304a\u5143\u6c17\u300d. This prefix is used in all sorts of words and comes from a Kanji which can be read as either \u300c\u3054\u300d or \u300c\u304a\u300d. However, determining which reading to use is usually not an issue as this Kanji is usually written in Hiragana.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody style=\"border: 0px;\">\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 50px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 3em;\">\u5fa1<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<td>Definition: honorable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"http:\/\/www.csse.monash.edu.au\/~jwb\/cgi-bin\/wwwjdic.cgi?160577_%B8%E6\">Stroke Order<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kun-yomi: \u304a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>On-yomi: \u30b4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol>\n<li><em>\u304a<\/em>\u91d1 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304b\u306d\u3011 &#8211; money<\/li>\n<li><em>\u3054<\/em>\u98ef \u3010\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 &#8211; rice; meal<\/li>\n<li><em>\u304a<\/em>\u8336 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3061\u3083\u3011 &#8211; tea<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The reason we&#8217;re looking at it here is because of how the honorific prefix is used to refer to family members. The basic idea is to use the honorific prefix when referring to somebody else&#8217;s family. You would not use honorifics to refer to your own family unless you are speaking to someone within your family. We will learn more about the concept of inner and outer circle for honorifics in a much later chapter.<\/p>\n<p>The list below is by no means complete and only covers the more common words for the primary family members.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Family member chart<\/caption>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th><\/th>\n<th>One&#8217;s own family<\/th>\n<th>Someone else&#8217;s family<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Family<\/td>\n<td>\u5bb6\u65cf\u3010\u304b\u30fb\u305e\u304f\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u3054\u5bb6\u65cf\u3010\u3054\u30fb\u304b\u30fb\u305e\u304f\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Parents<\/td>\n<td>\u4e21\u89aa\u3010\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3057\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u3054\u4e21\u89aa\u3010\u3054\u30fb\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3057\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Mother<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcd\u3010\u306f\u306f\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304b\u3042\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Father<\/td>\n<td>\u7236\u3010\u3061\u3061\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u304a\u7236\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Wife<\/td>\n<td>\u59bb\u3010\u3064\u307e\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u5965\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Husband<\/td>\n<td>\u592b\u3010\u304a\u3063\u3068\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u3054\u4e3b\u4eba\u3010\u3054\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Older Sister<\/td>\n<td>\u59c9\u3010\u3042\u306d\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u304a\u59c9\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u30fb\u306d\u3048\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Older Brother<\/td>\n<td>\u5144\u3010\u3042\u306b\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u304a\u5144\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u30fb\u306b\u3044\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Younger Sister<\/td>\n<td>\u59b9\u3010\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u59b9\u3055\u3093\u3010\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Younger Brother<\/td>\n<td>\u5f1f\u3010\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3068\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u5f1f\u3055\u3093\u3010\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3068\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Son<\/td>\n<td>\u606f\u5b50\u3010\u3080\u3059\u3053\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u606f\u5b50\u3055\u3093\u3010\u3080\u3059\u3053\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>Daughter<\/td>\n<td>\u5a18\u3010\u3080\u3059\u3081\u3011<\/td>\n<td>\u5a18\u3055\u3093\u3010\u3080\u3059\u3081\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Smith&#8217;s parents<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5c71\u7530 \u3010\u3084\u307e\u30fb\u3060\u3011 &#8211; Yamada (surname)<\/li>\n<li>\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u4eba \u3010\u3042\u3058\u3042\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011 &#8211; Asian (person)<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044\u3048 &#8211; no<\/li>\n<li>\u3067\u3082 &#8211; but<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcd \u3010\u306f\u306f\u3011 &#8211; (one&#8217;s own) mother<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011 &#8211; Japanese (person)<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u3046 &#8211; so<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u7236\u3055\u3093 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 &#8211; father<\/li>\n<li>\u7236 \u3010\u3061\u3061\u3011 &#8211; (one&#8217;s own) father<\/li>\n<li>\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba \u3010\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011 &#8211; American (person)<\/li>\n<li>\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069 (exp) &#8211; I see<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u7530\uff1a \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6bcd\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u5c71\u7530\uff1a \u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u304a\u7236\u3055\u3093\u306f\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u7236\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u5c71\u7530\uff1a \u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nYamada: Smith-san, are (you) Asian (person)?<br \/>\nSmith: No. But, (my) mother is Japanese.<br \/>\nYamada: Is that so? As for (your) father?<br \/>\nSmith: (My) father is American.<br \/>\nYamada: I see.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Addressing other people directly In Japanese, the word &#8220;you&#8221; is seldom used to refer to a person except in the case of very close relationships. Most of the time, you will refer to people using their name (last name is more polite than first) usually followed by a name-suffix. You have probably already heard \u300c\u3055\u3093\u300d &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/people\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Addressing People&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nouns-and-adjectives","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/395\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=395"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}