{"id":401,"date":"2017-10-16T18:25:05","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:25:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=401"},"modified":"2017-10-18T16:13:52","modified_gmt":"2017-10-18T20:13:52","slug":"male-female","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/male_female","title":{"rendered":"Male\/Female Speech"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Cv4HaQHo170\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>As opposed to polite speech, which is mostly gender-neutral, casual speech has many constructions that make it sound masculine or feminine to varying degrees. Of course, you do not have to be a specific gender to use either masculine or feminine manners of speech but you do need to be aware of the differences and the impression it gives to the listener. The first example of this is how \u300c\u306d\u300d and \u300c\u3088\u300d are used in casual speech.<\/p>\n<h2>Declarative \u300c\u3060\u300d<\/h2>\n<p>The declarative \u300c\u3060\u300d is attached to nouns and na-adjectives to give it a more declarative tone and make the state-of-being explicit. This is important in some grammatical forms we will cover later. For now, we can use it in casual Japanese to give a more definitive, confident, and somewhat masculine tone (though females often use it as well). For males, in particular, it is important to use it before \u300c\u306d\u300d or \u300c\u3088\u300d to avoid sounding too feminine.<\/p>\n<p><b>Note<\/b>: <i>Only<\/i> attach \u300c\u3060\u300d to nouns and na-adjectives. <i>Never<\/i> to i-adjectives.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 &#8211; Japanese language<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0a\u624b \u3010\u3058\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u305a\u3011(na-adj) &#8211; skillful, good at<\/li>\n<li>\u697d\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u306e\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011(i-adj) &#8211; fun<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u624b\u306d\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for Japanese, (you&#8217;re) good at it, aren&#8217;t you?<\/span>(feminine)<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u624b<em>\u3060<\/em>\u306d\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for Japanese, (you&#8217;re) good at it, aren&#8217;t you?<\/span>(masculine)<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u697d\u3057\u3044\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for Japanese, (it&#8217;s) fun, you know.<\/span>(gender-neutral as \u300c\u3060\u300d cannot be used for i-adjectives)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"comic\"><a href=\"http:\/\/emhc.tumblr.com\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/comics\/comic3.jpg\" alt=\"Greetings\" title=\"The next comic will be the same except with \u591c and \u3053\u3093\u3070\u3093\u306f\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3>Comic 3<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046 &#8211; Good Morning (casual)<\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u6c17 \u3010\u3052\u3093\u30fb\u304d\u3011(na-adj) &#8211; healthy; lively<\/li>\n<li>\u7720\u3044 \u3010\u306d\u3080\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) &#8211; sleepy<\/li>\n<li>\u3067\u3082 &#8211; but<\/li>\n<li>\u3082\u3046 &#8211; already<\/li>\n<li>\u663c \u3010\u3072\u308b\u3011 &#8211; afternoon<\/li>\n<li>\u3058\u3083 &#8211; then \uff08abbr. of \u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f &#8211; Good day<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u4f11\u307f \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u307f\u3011 &#8211; Good night (expression for going to sleep)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3001\u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046\u3001\u5143\u6c17\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u7720\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3082\u3046\u663c<em>\u3060<\/em>\u3088<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u305d\u3046\uff1f\u3058\u3083\u3001\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u304a\u4f11\u307f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nJohn: Alice-chan, good morning.<br \/>\nAlice: Morning, how are (you)?<br \/>\nJohn: Sleepy.<br \/>\nAlice: But (it&#8217;s) already afternoon, you know.<br \/>\nJohn: Is that so? Then, good afternoon.<br \/>\nAlice: Good afternoon.<br \/>\nJohn: Good night.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>The homework is easy!<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5bbf\u984c \u3010\u3057\u3085\u304f\u30fb\u3060\u3044\u3011 (n) &#8211; homework<\/li>\n<li>\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3080\u305a\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; difficult<\/li>\n<li>\u7c21\u5358 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u305f\u3093\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; easy<\/li>\n<li>\u3046\u30fc\u3093 &#8211; umm<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u5206 \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3076\u3093\u3011 &#8211; probably; maybe<\/li>\n<li>\u3069\u3063\u3061 &#8211; which one; which way<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u5bbf\u984c\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u3057\u3044\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u7c21\u5358<em>\u3060<\/em>\u3088\uff01<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3046\u30fc\u3093\u3001\u591a\u5206\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u3069\u3063\u3061\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nAlice: As for homework, (is it) difficult?<br \/>\nJohn: It&#8217;s easy!<br \/>\nAlice: Really?<br \/>\nJohn: Umm, (it&#8217;s) probably difficult.<br \/>\nAlice: Which is it?<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Because John is male, he decides to use \u300c\u3060\u300d with \u300c\u3088\u300d with the na-adjective \u300c\u7c21\u5358\u300d. However, regardless of gender, you cannot use \u300c\u3060\u300d with i-adjectives so he says \u300c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3088\u300d. \u300c\u96e3\u3057\u3044<strike>\u3060<\/strike>\u3088\u300d is grammatically incorrect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As opposed to polite speech, which is mostly gender-neutral, casual speech has many constructions that make it sound masculine or feminine to varying degrees. Of course, you do not have to be a specific gender to use either masculine or feminine manners of speech but you do need to be aware of the differences and &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/male_female\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Male\/Female Speech&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nouns-and-adjectives","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}