{"id":405,"date":"2017-10-16T18:28:23","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:28:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=405"},"modified":"2017-10-17T14:21:49","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T18:21:49","slug":"negative-state-of-being","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/negative_stateofbeing","title":{"rendered":"Negative State-of-Being"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hPhwECPwwBA\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Because the state-of-being is implied within nouns and adjectives, expressing the negative is a bit different from English. The noun or adjective is conjugated directly to say that [X is <i>not<\/i> Y]. Conjugating nouns and adjectives into the negative is done through two simple rules.<\/p>\n<p>There are only two exceptions to the rule for i-adjectives both involving the adjective meaning &#8220;good&#8221;. The words \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d and \u300c\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044\u300d (which is a combination of another word \u300c\u683c\u597d\u300d\uff08\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3046\uff09 with \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d) originally come from the adjective \u300c\u826f\u3044\u300d\uff08\u3088\u3044\uff09. Though it is usually pronounced \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d in modern Japanese, all conjugations still derive from the original \u300c\u3088\u3044\u300d reading. You will see similar examples later as we learn different types of conjugations.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Negative for nouns and adjectives<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For nouns and na-adjectives:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u300d to the end<br \/>\nExample<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5143\u6c17\uff0b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u5143\u6c17<em>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u304d\u308c\u3044\uff0b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u304d\u308c\u3044<em>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>For i-adjectives:<\/b> Drop the \u300c\u3044\u300d at the end and replace with \u300c\u304f\u306a\u3044\u300d<br \/>\nExample<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5fd9\u3057<strike>\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u5fd9\u3057<em>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u304b\u308f\u3044<strike>\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u304b\u308f\u3044<em>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Exceptions:<\/b> \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d conjugates from \u300c\u3088\u3044\u300d\n<ol>\n<li>\u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u3088<strike>\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u3088<em>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088<strike>\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088<em>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> The negative form is very similar grammatically to i-adjectives. Similar to i-adjectives, you must never use the declarative  \u300c\u3060\u300d with the negative.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0 &#8211; salad<\/li>\n<li>\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30ad &#8211; steak<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u307e\u308a &#8211; not very (when used with negative)<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u306e &#8211; this<\/li>\n<li>\u672c \u3010\u307b\u3093\u3011 &#8211; book<\/li>\n<li>\u9762\u767d\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3057\u308d\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) &#8211; interesting<\/li>\n<li>\u4eca\u5e74 \u3010\u3053\u3068\u3057\u3011 &#8211; this year<\/li>\n<li>\u51ac \u3010\u3075\u3086\u3011 &#8211; winter<\/li>\n<li>\u5bd2\u3044 \u3010\u3055\u3080\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) &#8211; cold<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0\u306f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a<em>\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for salad, don&#8217;t like very much.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30ad\u30fb\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0\u306f\u3001<em>\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for steak salad, (it&#8217;s) not salad, you know.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3001<em>\u9762\u767d\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for this book, (it&#8217;s) not interesting, you know<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>\u4eca\u5e74\u306e\u51ac\u306f\u3001\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u3044\u306d\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\">As for this year&#8217;s winter, (it&#8217;s) not cold, is it?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>That&#8217;s not a good thing!<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6388\u696d \u3010\u3058\u3085\u30fb\u304e\u3087\u3046\u3011 (n) &#8211; class; lecture<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u307e\u308a &#8211; not very (when used with negative)<\/li>\n<li>\u9762\u767d\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3057\u308d\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; interesting; funny<\/li>\n<li>\u3067\u3082 &#8211; but<\/li>\n<li>\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3080\u305a\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; difficult<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c &#8211; that<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; good<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u3068 (n) &#8211; matter; event<\/li>\n<li>\u5168\u7136 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u305c\u3093\u3011 (adv) &#8211; not at all (when used with negative)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a<em>\u9762\u767d\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u79c1\u306f\u3001\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3067\u3082\u3001<em>\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3044\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u5168\u7136<em>\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\uff01<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nJohn: Yamamoto-sensei&#8217;s class is not very interesting.<br \/>\nAlice: As for me, (it&#8217;s) interesting.<br \/>\nJohn: But isn&#8217;t it very difficult?<br \/>\nAlice: That&#8217;s a good thing.<br \/>\nJohn: It&#8217;s not good at all!<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Negative Nouns\/Adjectives in Polite Form<\/h2>\n<p>As before, all that&#8217;s required for the polite form is to add \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d to the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n<h2>I&#8217;m not an otaku!<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8da3\u5473 \u3010\u3057\u3085\u30fb\u307f\u3011 (n) &#8211; hobby; interest<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 &#8211; what \uff08read as \u306a\u3093 when used with \u3067\u3059\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3 &#8211; computer (abbreviation of \u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc or PC)<\/li>\n<li>\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0 &#8211; game<\/li>\n<li>\u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; likable<\/li>\n<li>\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4 &#8211; sports<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044\u3048 &#8211; no (polite)<\/li>\n<li>\u30aa\u30bf\u30af &#8211; otaku; geek; enthusiast<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u30ea\u30fc\u3055\u3093\u306e\u8da3\u5473\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u3082\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u306f\u3001\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a<em>\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u30ea\u30fc\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30bf\u30af\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u30aa\u30bf\u30af<em>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3088\uff01<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nYamamoto: What is your hobby, Lee-san?<br \/>\nLee: Computers. (I) also like games.<br \/>\nYamamoto: Do (you) like sports?<br \/>\nLee: No, I don&#8217;t like (it) that much.<br \/>\nSmith: Lee-san is an otaku.<br \/>\nLee: I&#8217;m not an otaku\uff01<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Because the state-of-being is implied within nouns and adjectives, expressing the negative is a bit different from English. The noun or adjective is conjugated directly to say that [X is not Y]. Conjugating nouns and adjectives into the negative is done through two simple rules. There are only two exceptions to the rule for i-adjectives &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/negative_stateofbeing\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Negative State-of-Being&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nouns-and-adjectives","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=405"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}