{"id":417,"date":"2017-10-16T18:36:07","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=417"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:07:17","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:07:17","slug":"chapter2-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/chapter2_summary","title":{"rendered":"Chapter summary and practice"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this chapter, we learned how to use nouns and adjectives to describe what something is or isn’t. Here is a simple list of examples using the various conjugations we learned in this chapter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nouns and Adjectives Conjugation Examples<\/caption>\n
<\/th>\nPositive<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\nPositive Polite<\/th>\nNegative Polite<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Noun<\/th>\n\u5b66\u751f<\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Na-adjective<\/th>\n\u5143\u6c17<\/td>\n\u5143\u6c17\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u5143\u6c17\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I-adjective<\/th>\n\u5fd9\u3057\u3044<\/td>\n\u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exception<\/th>\n\u3044\u3044<\/td>\n\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em>*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

* = exceptions<\/p>\n

Questions using state-of-being<\/h2>\n

Now that we’re familiar with the state-of-being, we can already ask and answer many different types of questions that involve what something or someone is. This includes asking simple yes\/no questions or by using a question word.<\/p>\n

Various ways to say yes or no<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u306f\u3044 – yes (polite)<\/li>\n
  2. \u3048\u3048 – yes (polite)<\/li>\n
  3. \u3044\u3044\u3048 – no (polite)<\/li>\n
  4. \u3046\u3093 – yes (casual)<\/li>\n
  5. \u3046\u3046\u3093 – no (casual<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Various question words<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 – what<\/li>\n
    2. \u8ab0 \u3010\u3060\u308c\u3011 – who<\/li>\n
    3. \u3044\u3064 – when<\/li>\n
    4. \u3069\u3046 – how<\/li>\n
    5. \u3069\u3093\u306a – what kind of<\/li>\n
    6. \u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066 – why<\/li>\n
    7. \u306a\u3093\u3067 – why (casual)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      The word for “what” or \u300c\u4f55\u300d is a bit tricky because it has two readings. When used by itself, it is always pronounced \u300c\u306a\u306b\u300d. However, as we’ve already seen, when used with \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d it is read as \u300c\u306a\u3093\u300d. There are other cases when it is read as \u300c\u306a\u3093\u300d as we’ll see later.<\/p>\n

      As you begin to practice speaking Japanese, you can apply what we’ve learned in this chapter to ask various ice-breaker questions.<\/p>\n

      Sample ice-breaker questions<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u8da3\u5473 \u3010\u3057\u3085\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – hobby; interests<\/li>\n
      2. \u4e00\u756a \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – number 1; the best; the most<\/li>\n
      3. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) – likable<\/li>\n
      4. \u65e5\u672c \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u3011 – Japan<\/li>\n
      5. \u98df\u3079\u7269 \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 – food<\/li>\n
      6. \u82f1\u8a9e \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – English<\/li>\n
      7. \u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3080\u305a\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – difficult<\/li>\n
      8. \u6388\u696d \u3010\u3058\u3085\u30fb\u304e\u3087\u3046\u3011 – class<\/li>\n
      9. \u697d\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u306e\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – fun<\/li>\n
      10. \u97f3\u697d \u3010\u304a\u3093\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 music<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. \u8da3\u5473\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nWhat is your hobby?\n<\/li>\n
        2. \u4e00\u756a\u597d\u304d\u306a\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nWhat is your favorite food?<\/li>\n
        3. \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306f\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nDo you like Japanese food?<\/li>\n
        4. \u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nIs English difficult?<\/li>\n
        5. \u6388\u696d\u306f\u3001\u697d\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nIs class fun?<\/li>\n
        6. \u3069\u3093\u306a\u97f3\u697d\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nWhat kind of music do you like?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Try to come up with your own questions for your teacher, classmates, or conversation partner.<\/p>\n

          \"Favorite<\/a><\/div>\n

          Comic 4<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u3044\u3064\u3082 – always<\/li>\n
          2. \u5f01\u5f53 \u3010\u3079\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 – box lunch<\/li>\n
          3. \u305d\u3046 – (things are) that way<\/li>\n
          4. \u6bcd \u3010\u306f\u306f\u3011 – mother<\/li>\n
          5. \u6599\u7406 \u3010\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u308a\u3011 – cooking; cuisine; dish<\/li>\n
          6. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) – likable; desirable<\/li>\n
          7. \u50d5 \u3010\u307c\u304f\u3011 – me, myself (polite, masculine)<\/li>\n
          8. \u6b32\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u307b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – desirable<\/li>\n
          9. \uff5e\u306a (sentence-ending particle) – casual and masculine version of \uff5e\u306d<\/li>\n
          10. \u98df\u5802 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u304f\u30fb\u3069\u3046\u3011 – cafeteria<\/li>\n
          11. \u98df\u3079\u7269 \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 – food<\/li>\n
          12. \u3042\u307e\u308a – not very (when used with negative)<\/li>\n
          13. \u3069\u3093\u306a – what kind of<\/li>\n
          14. \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30ad – steak<\/li>\n
          15. \uff08\u304a\uff09\u3059\u3057 – sushi<\/li>\n
          16. \u30ab\u30cb – crab<\/li>\n
          17. \u9ad8\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – high; tall; expensive<\/li>\n
          18. \u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067 – by the way<\/li>\n
          19. \u663c\u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3072\u308b\u30fb\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – lunch<\/li>\n
          20. \u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066 – why<\/li>\n
          21. \u30e9\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3 – ramen<\/li>\n
          22. \u5b89\u3044 \u3010\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – cheap<\/li>\n
          23. \u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069 – I see<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3042\u308a\u3059\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u3001\u3044\u3064\u3082\u5f01\u5f53\u306a\u306e\uff1f
            \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u305d\u3046\u3002\u6bcd\u306f\u6599\u7406\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3060\u304b\u3089
            \n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u50d5\u3082\u5f01\u5f53\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u306a\u3002\u98df\u5802\u306e\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3093\u3060\u3002
            \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3069\u3093\u306a\u98df\u3079\u7269\u304c\u597d\u304d\u306a\u306e\uff1f
            \n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30ad\u3068\u304b\u304a\u3059\u3057\u3068\u304b\u30ab\u30cb\u3068\u304b\u2026
            \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u9ad8\u3044\u98df\u3079\u7269\u304c\u597d\u304d\u306a\u306e\u306d\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3001\u663c\u3054\u98ef\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3064\u3082\u30e9\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u306a\u306e\uff1f
            \n\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u5b89\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002
            \n\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u306d\uff01<\/p>\n

            Toggle Translations<\/a>
            \n
            \nJohn: Alice-chan, (are you) always lunch box?
            \nAlice: That’s so. (My) mother likes cooking so.
            \nJohn: I also want box lunch. (I) don’t much like the cafeteria food.
            \nAlice: What kind of food (do you) like?
            \nJohn: (Things like) steak, sushi, crab…
            \nAlice: (You) like expensive food, don’t you. By the way, why is (your) lunch always ramen?
            \nJohn: Because (it’s) cheap.
            \nAlice: I see!
            \n<\/span><\/p>\n

            Writing Practice<\/h2>\n

            For writing practice, try writing a brief description about yourself. As always, make sure to correct your work early to avoid developing any bad habits. You can either ask a Japanese speaker or use http:\/\/lang-8.com\/.<\/p>\n

            Here’s a short list of words that might be useful.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u540d\u524d \u3010\u306a\u30fb\u307e\u3048\u3011 – name<\/li>\n
            2. \u5c0f\u5b66 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – elementary school<\/li>\n
            3. \u4e2d\u5b66 \u3010\u3061\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – middle school<\/li>\n
            4. \u9ad8\u6821 \u3010\u3053\u3046\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 – high school<\/li>\n
            5. \u5927\u5b66 \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – college<\/li>\n
            6. \u4e00\u5e74\u751f \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – first year; freshman<\/li>\n
            7. \u4e8c\u5e74\u751f \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – second year; sophomore<\/li>\n
            8. \u4e09\u5e74\u751f \u3010\u3055\u3093\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – third year; junior<\/li>\n
            9. \u56db\u5e74\u751f \u3010\u3088\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – fourth year; senior<\/li>\n
            10. \u5c02\u653b \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 – major<\/li>\n
            11. \u8da3\u5473 \u3010\u3057\u3085\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – interests; hobbies<\/li>\n
            12. \u8aad\u66f8 \u3010\u3069\u304f\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 – reading<\/li>\n
            13. \u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4 – sports<\/li>\n
            14. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese language<\/li>\n
            15. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 – desirable<\/li>\n
            16. \u3068\u3066\u3082 – very<\/li>\n
            17. \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 – a little<\/li>\n
            18. \u9762\u767d\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – interesting; funny<\/li>\n
            19. \u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3080\u305a\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – difficult<\/li>\n
            20. \u7c21\u5358 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u305f\u3093\u3011 (na-adj) – easy<\/li>\n
            21. \u98df\u3079\u7269 \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 – food<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Introducing Alice Smith<\/h2>\n

              For example, here’s a short self description by Alice Smith.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u7d4c\u6e08 \u3010\u3051\u3044\u30fb\u3056\u3044\u3011 – economy<\/li>\n
              2. \u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66 \u3010\u3051\u3044\u30fb\u3056\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – economics<\/li>\n
              3. \u30b5\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc – soccer<\/li>\n
              4. \u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b – by the way<\/li>\n
              5. \u3066\u3093\u3077\u3089 – tempura<\/li>\n
              6. \u30d4\u30b6 – pizza<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3057\u3066\u3002\u79c1\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u4e00\u5e74\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002
                \n\u5c02\u653b\u306f\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8da3\u5473\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u8aad\u66f8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3082\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002
                \n\u3068\u3066\u3082\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002
                \n\u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b\u3001\u597d\u304d\u306a\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306f\u3001\u3066\u3093\u3077\u3089\u3068\u30d4\u30b6\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

                Greetings from the author<\/h2>\n

                \u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\uff01\u30ad\u30e0\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7686\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
                \n\u79c1\u306f\u76f8\u5909\u308f\u3089\u305a\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3051\u3069\u3001\u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u3002
                \n\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
                \n\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u7d76\u5bfe\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3088\u306d\u3002
                \n\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u3001\u79c1\u3082\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                In this chapter, we learned how to use nouns and adjectives to describe what something is or isn’t. Here is a simple list of examples using the various conjugations we learned in this chapter. Nouns and Adjectives Conjugation Examples Positive Negative Positive Polite Negative Polite Noun \u5b66\u751f \u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044 \u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059 \u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 Na-adjective \u5143\u6c17 \u5143\u6c17\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044 \u5143\u6c17\u3067\u3059 \u5143\u6c17\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 … <\/p>\n

                Continue reading “Chapter summary and practice”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nouns-and-adjectives","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=417"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}