{"id":429,"date":"2017-10-16T18:52:30","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=429"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:08:44","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:08:44","slug":"negative-form","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/negativeverbs","title":{"rendered":"Negative Form"},"content":{"rendered":"

Verb Types<\/h2>\n

In this section, we’ll learn how to conjugate verbs to the negative form. However, before we can learn any verb conjugations, we first need to learn how verbs are categorized. With the exception of only two verbs, all verbs fall into the category of ru-verb<\/i> or u-verb<\/i>.<\/p>\n

All ru-verbs end in \u300c\u308b\u300d while u-verbs can end in a number of u-vowel sounds including \u300c\u308b\u300d. Therefore, if a verb does not<\/b> end in \u300c\u308b\u300d, it will always be an u-verb. For verbs ending in \u300c\u308b\u300d, if the vowel sound preceding the \u300c\u308b\u300d is an \/a\/, \/u\/ or \/o\/ vowel sound, it will always be an u-verb. Otherwise, if the preceding sound is an \/i\/ or \/e\/ vowel sound, it will be a ru-verb in most cases<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Examples<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u98df\u3079\u308b – \u300c\u3079\u300d is an e-vowel sound so it is a ru-verb<\/li>\n
  2. \u308f\u304b\u308b – \u300c\u304b\u300d is an a-vowel sound so it is an u-verb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    If you’re unsure which category a verb falls in, you can verify which kind it is with most dictionaries. There are only two exception verbs that are neither ru-verbs nor u-verbs as shown in the table below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Examples of different verb types<\/caption>\n
    ru-verb<\/th>\nu-verb<\/th>\nexception<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to see<\/td>\n\u8a71\u3059 \u3010\u306f\u306a\u30fb\u3059\u3011 – to speak<\/td>\n\u3059\u308b – to do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 – to eat<\/td>\n\u805e\u304f \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u304f\u3011 – to ask; to listen<\/td>\n\u6765\u308b \u3010\u304f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to come<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5bdd\u308b \u3010\u306d\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to sleep<\/td>\n\u6cf3\u3050 \u3010\u304a\u3088\u30fb\u3050\u3011 – to swim<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304d\u308b\u3011 – to wake; to occur<\/td>\n\u904a\u3076 \u3010\u3042\u305d\u30fb\u3076\u3011 – to play<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u8003\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304b\u3093\u304c\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 – to think<\/td>\n\u5f85\u3064 \u3010\u307e\u30fb\u3064\u3011 – to wait<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6559\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u3057\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 – to teach; to inform<\/td>\n\u98f2\u3080 \u3010\u306e\u30fb\u3080\u3011 – to drink<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u51fa\u308b \u3010\u3067\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to come out<\/td>\n\u8cb7\u3046 \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u3046\u3011 – to buy<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5909\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 – to change<\/td>\n\u5e30\u308b \u3010\u304b\u3048\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to go home<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u3044\u308b – to exist (animate)<\/td>\n\u3042\u308b – to exist (inanimate)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u7740\u308b \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to wear<\/td>\n\u6b7b\u306c \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u306c\u3011 – to die<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

    Negative Form<\/h2>\n

    We can now learn the rules for conjugating the verb into the negative form based on the different verb types. Be extra careful of \u300c\u3042\u308b\u300d which is one extra exception verb for this conjugation only.<\/p>\n

    \nNegative form for verbs<\/span><\/p>\n
      \n
    1. For ru-verbs:<\/b> Drop the \u300c\u308b\u300d and attach \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d
      \nExample: \u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strike> + \u306a\u3044 = \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n
    2. For u-verbs that end in \u300c\u3046\u300d:<\/b> Replace \u300c\u3046\u300d with \u300c\u308f\u300d and attach \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d
      \nExample: \u8cb7\u3046<\/strike> + \u308f + \u306a\u3044 = \u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n
    3. For all other u-verbs:<\/b> Replace the u-vowel sound with the a-vowel equivalent and attach \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d
      \nExample: \u5f85\u3064<\/strike> + \u305f = \u5f85\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/li>\n
    4. Exceptions:<\/b>\n
        \n
      1. \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044<\/li>\n
      2. \u304f\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u306a\u3044<\/li>\n
      3. \u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044 (exception for this conjugation only, not an exception verb)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Negative form conjugation examples<\/caption>\n
        ru-verb<\/th>\nu-verb<\/th>\nexception<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u898b\u308b \u2192\u3000\u898b\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u8a71\u3059 \u2192\u3000\u8a71\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u3059\u308b \u2192\u3000\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192\u3000\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u805e\u304f \u2192\u3000\u805e\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u304f\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5bdd\u308b \u2192\u3000\u5bdd\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192\u3000\u6cf3\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192\u3000\u8d77\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u904a\u3076 \u2192\u3000\u904a\u3070\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8003\u3048\u308b \u2192\u3000\u8003\u3048\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u5f85\u3064 \u2192\u3000\u5f85\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u6559\u3048\u308b \u2192\u3000\u6559\u3048\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u98f2\u3080 \u2192\u3000\u98f2\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u51fa\u308b \u2192\u3000\u51fa\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192\u3000\u8cb7\u308f<\/em>\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5909\u3048\u308b \u2192\u3000\u5909\u3048\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u5e30\u308b \u2192\u3000\u5e30\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7740\u308b \u2192\u3000\u7740\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n\u6b7b\u306c \u2192\u3000\u6b7b\u306a\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

        You don’t have a TV?<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u306d – hey<\/li>\n
        2. \u6700\u8fd1 \u3010\u3055\u3044\u30fb\u304d\u3093\u3011 – recent; lately<\/li>\n
        3. \u30c6\u30ec\u30d3 – TV<\/li>\n
        4. \u756a\u7d44 \u3010\u3070\u3093\u30fb\u3050\u307f\u3011 – program (e.g. TV)<\/li>\n
        5. \u3069\u3046 – how<\/li>\n
        6. \u601d\u3046 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to think<\/li>\n
        7. \u5168\u7136 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u305c\u3093\u3011 – not at all (when used with negative)<\/li>\n
        8. \u9762\u767d\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – interesting; funny<\/li>\n
        9. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand; to know<\/li>\n
        10. \u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to see<\/li>\n
        11. \u306a\u3093\u3067 – why<\/li>\n
        12. \u3046\u3061 – one’s own home, family, or household<\/li>\n
        13. \u3046\u305d – lie; no way (casual)<\/li>\n
        14. \u672c\u5f53 \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 – truth; reality<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3000\u306d\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u756a\u7d44\u306f\u3069\u3046\u601d\u3046\uff1f\u5168\u7136\u9762\u767d\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u306d\uff1f
          \nJohn: Hey, as for recent TV shows, how (do you) think? It’s not interesting at all, huh?<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u306d\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u3092\u898b\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3002
          \nAlice: (I) don’t know. As for me, I don’t watch TV so.<\/p>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3048\uff1f\u306a\u3093\u3067\u898b\u306a\u3044\u306e\uff1f
          \nJohn: Huh? Why don’t (you) watch it?<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u3046\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3002
          \nAlice: As for our house, there’s no TV.<\/p>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3000\u3046\u305d\uff01
          \nJohn: No way!<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\u3002
          \nAlice: (It’s) true.<\/p>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3000\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3046\u305d\uff01
          \nJohn: … No way!<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\u3088\u3002
          \nAlice: (It’s) true, you know.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Verb Types In this section, we’ll learn how to conjugate verbs to the negative form. However, before we can learn any verb conjugations, we first need to learn how verbs are categorized. With the exception of only two verbs, all verbs fall into the category of ru-verb or u-verb. All ru-verbs end in \u300c\u308b\u300d while … <\/p>\n

          Continue reading “Negative Form”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verbs","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=429"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}