{"id":431,"date":"2017-10-16T18:52:59","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=431"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:08:51","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:08:51","slug":"polite-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/polite_verbs","title":{"rendered":"Polite Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Verb Stem<\/h2>\n<p>Before we can learn the conjugation rules for the polite verb form, we must first learn how to create the verb stem. The verb stem is used in many different types of verb conjugations including the polite form. Below are the rules for changing the verb to its stem.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Verb stem conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For ru-verbs:<\/b> Drop the \u300c\u308b\u300d<br \/>\nExample: \u98df\u3079<strike>\u308b<\/strike> = \u98df\u3079<\/li>\n<li><b>For u-verbs:<\/b> Replace the u-vowel sound with the i-vowel equivalent<br \/>\nExample: \u884c<strike>\u304f<\/strike> + \u304d = \u884c\u304d<\/li>\n<li><b>Exceptions:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057<\/li>\n<li>\u304f\u308b \u2192 \u304d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<caption>Verb stem examples<\/caption>\n<tr>\n<th>ru-verb<\/th>\n<th>u-verb<\/th>\n<th>exception<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u898b\u308b \u2192\u3000\u898b<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192\u3000\u8a71\u3057<\/td>\n<td>\u3059\u308b \u2192\u3000\u3057<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192\u3000\u98df\u3079<\/td>\n<td>\u805e\u304f \u2192\u3000\u805e\u304d<\/td>\n<td>\u304f\u308b \u2192 \u304d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bdd\u308b \u2192\u3000\u5bdd<\/td>\n<td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192\u3000\u6cf3\u304e<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192\u3000\u8d77\u304d<\/td>\n<td>\u904a\u3076 \u2192\u3000\u904a\u3073<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8003\u3048\u308b \u2192\u3000\u8003\u3048<\/td>\n<td>\u5f85\u3064 \u2192\u3000\u5f85\u3061<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6559\u3048\u308b \u2192\u3000\u6559\u3048<\/td>\n<td>\u98f2\u3080 \u2192\u3000\u98f2\u307f<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u51fa\u308b \u2192\u3000\u51fa<\/td>\n<td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192\u3000\u8cb7\u3044<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5909\u3048\u308b \u2192\u3000\u5909\u3048<\/td>\n<td>\u5e30\u308b \u2192\u3000\u5e30\u308a<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7740\u308b \u2192\u3000\u7740<\/td>\n<td>\u6b7b\u306c \u2192\u3000\u6b7b\u306b<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Polite Verb Form<\/h2>\n<p>Now that we know the rules to create the verb stem, it is very easy to conjugate the verb to the polite form for both the positive and negative.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Polite and polite negative verb conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Polite Positive:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u307e\u3059\u300d to the verb stem<br \/>\nExample: \u98df\u3079 + \u307e\u3059 = \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/li>\n<li><b>Polite Negative:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d to the verb stem<br \/>\nExample: \u8cb7\u3044 + \u307e\u305b\u3093 = \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Verb as a target<\/h2>\n<p>The verb stem can also be used to make it a target for another verb, typically a motion verb such as &#8220;go&#8221; or &#8220;come&#8221;. This is done by attaching the \u300c\u306b\u300d target particle to the verb stem.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u663c\u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3072\u308b\u30fb\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 &#8211; lunch<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u3010\u305f\u30fb\u3079\u308b\u3011 &#8211; to eat<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 &#8211; to go<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3011 &#8211; me, myself<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u3046 \u3010\u3042\u30fb\u3046\u3011 &#8211; to meet<\/li>\n<li>\u6765\u308b \u3010\u304f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 &#8211; to come<\/li>\n<li>\u53cb\u9054 \u3010\u3068\u3082\u30fb\u3060\u3061\u3011 &#8211; friend<\/li>\n<li>\u6620\u753b \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u3011 &#8211; movie<\/li>\n<li>\u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 &#8211; see, watch<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>\u663c\u3054\u98ef\u3092<em>\u98df\u3079\u306b<\/em>\u884c\u304f\u3002<br \/>\nGo to eat lunch.<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u306b<em>\u4f1a\u3044\u306b<\/em>\u6765\u308b\u3002<br \/>\nComing to meet me.<\/li>\n<li>\u53cb\u9054\u3068\u6620\u753b\u3092<em>\u898b\u306b<\/em>\u884c\u304f\u3002<br \/>\nGo to watch movie with friend(s).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>My family is in Korea<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7686\u3055\u3093 \u3010\u307f\u306a\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 &#8211; everybody (polite)<\/li>\n<li>\u4eca\u5e74 \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3068\u3057\u3011 &#8211; this year<\/li>\n<li>\u6625 \u3010\u306f\u308b\u3011 &#8211; spring<\/li>\n<li>\u4f11\u307f \u3010\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u307f\u3011 &#8211; vacation<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\u3011 &#8211; what<\/li>\n<li>\u3059\u308b  &#8211; to do<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3011 &#8211; me, myself<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u3053  &#8211; here<\/li>\n<li>\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8 &#8211; part-time job<\/li>\n<li>\u5bb6\u65cf \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u305e\u304f\u3011 &#8211; family<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u3046 \u3010\u3042\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to meet<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to go<\/li>\n<li>\u97d3\u56fd \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u3053\u304f\u3011 &#8211; South Korea<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u308b \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to exist (animate)<\/li>\n<li>\u98db\u884c\u6a5f \u3010\u3072\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u30fb\u304d\u3011 &#8211; airplane<\/li>\n<li>\uff5e\u4ee3 \u3010\uff5e\u3060\u3044\u3011 &#8211; charge, cost, fare<\/li>\n<li>\u3068\u3066\u3082 &#8211; very<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; tall; expensive<\/li>\n<li>\u5e30\u308b \u3010\u304b\u3048\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to go home<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u3046 &#8211; so<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u5909 \u3010\u305f\u3044\u30fb\u3078\u3093\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; tough, rough<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u7686\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u5e74\u306e\u6625\u4f11\u307f\u306b\u4f55\u3092<em>\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\nYamamoto: Everybody, what will (you) do at this year&#8217;s spring vacation?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u79c1\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u3092<em>\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nLee: As for me, (I) will do part-time job here.<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u3054\u5bb6\u65cf\u306b<em>\u4f1a\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em>\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\nYamamoto: (You) will not go to meet your family?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u79c1\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u306f\u97d3\u56fd\u306b<em>\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u4ee3\u304c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4eca\u5e74\u306f\u97d3\u56fd\u306b<em>\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nLee: My family is in Korea so the plane ticket is very expensive. Therefore, (I) will not go back home to Korea this year.<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3068\u3066\u3082\u5927\u5909\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<br \/>\nYamamoto: Is that so? (It&#8217;s) very tough, isn&#8217;t it?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Verb Stem Before we can learn the conjugation rules for the polite verb form, we must first learn how to create the verb stem. The verb stem is used in many different types of verb conjugations including the polite form. Below are the rules for changing the verb to its stem. Verb stem conjugation rules &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/polite_verbs\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Polite Verbs&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verbs","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}