{"id":441,"date":"2017-10-16T18:59:20","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T22:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=441"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:09:26","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:09:26","slug":"verb-clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/verb_clauses","title":{"rendered":"Verb clauses"},"content":{"rendered":"

Now that we are familiar with both state-of-being and verbs, we can begin to look at how to use verb clauses to construct more complicated sentences. As we have learned, a complete sentence must end either in a real verb or state-of-being. This sentence can also be used as a clause as a part of a larger sentence.<\/p>\n

Remember also that the polite form only goes at the end of a complete sentence so a verb clause used within a sentence must be in the plain form.<\/p>\n

Verb clauses as adjectives<\/h2>\n

A verb clause can be used to describe a noun just like an adjective by attaching the noun to the end of the clause. The highlighted areas show the clause that is being used in a larger sentence.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – rice; meal<\/li>\n
  2. \u6642 \u3010\u3068\u304d\u3011 – when<\/li>\n
  3. \u30c6\u30ec\u30d3 – television<\/li>\n
  4. \u672c \u3010\u307b\u3093\u3011 – book<\/li>\n
  5. \u8aad\u3080 \u3010\u3088\u30fb\u3080\u3011 (u-verb) – read<\/li>\n
  6. \u982d \u3010\u3042\u305f\u307e\u3011 – head; mind<\/li>\n
  7. \u80cc \u3010\u305b\u3011 – height<\/li>\n
  8. \u3059\u3066\u304d (na-adj) – lovely<\/li>\n
  9. \u9ad8\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – tall<\/li>\n
  10. \u6027\u683c \u3010\u305b\u3044\u30fb\u304b\u304f\u3011 – personality<\/li>\n
  11. \u512a\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3084\u3055\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 – gentle<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u3054\u98ef\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/em>\u6642\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u3092\u898b\u306a\u3044\u3002
      \nWhen eating a meal, don’t watch TV.<\/li>\n
    2. \u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u982d\u304c\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002
      \nPeople that do not read books are not smart.<\/li>\n
    3. \u80cc\u304c\u9ad8\u3044<\/em>\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3066\u304d\u3060\u306d\u3002
      \nTall people are lovely, huh?<\/li>\n
    4. \u6027\u683c\u304c\u512a\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3002
      \nDon’t like people whose personality is not gentle.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      For clauses that end in a na-adjectives, once again, we need to use \u300c\u306a\u300d to attach it to a noun. As for nouns, there is no need to use a clause to modify a noun with another noun as the \u300c\u306e\u300d particle allows us to chain any number of nouns.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u5f62 \u3010\u304b\u305f\u3061\u3011 – shape, form<\/li>\n
      2. \u304d\u308c\u3044 (na-adj) – pretty; clean<\/li>\n
      3. \u679c\u7269 \u3010\u304f\u3060\u30fb\u3082\u306e\u3011 – fruit<\/li>\n
      4. \u904b \u3010\u3046\u3093\u3011 – luck<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. \u5f62\u304c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a<\/em>\u679c\u7269\u306f\u3001\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044\u3002
          \nFruit that has very pretty form is tasty.<\/li>\n
        2. \u4e8c\u5e74\u751f\u306e<\/em>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e<\/em>\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u904b\u304c\u3044\u3044\u3002
          \nAs for second year Japanese students, luck is good.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          I’m going alone<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u4eca\u5e74 \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3068\u3057\u3011 – this year<\/li>\n
          2. \u6625\u4f11\u307f \u3010\u306f\u308b\u30fb\u3084\u3059\u307f\u3011 – spring vacation<\/li>\n
          3. \u4e88\u5b9a \u3010\u3088\u30fb\u3066\u3044\u3011 – plan(s)<\/li>\n
          4. \u89b3\u5149 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 – sightseeing<\/li>\n
          5. \u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3 – Mexico<\/li>\n
          6. \u4e00\u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u308a\u3011 – one person; alone<\/li>\n
          7. \u3064\u3082\u308a – intention<\/li>\n
          8. \u4e00\u7dd2 \u3010\u3044\u3063\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 – together<\/li>\n
          9. \u8a33 \u3010\u308f\u3051\u3011 – explanation, reasoning<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u5e74\u306e\u6625\u4f11\u307f\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f
            \nYamamoto: Tanaka-san, do (you) have some (kind of) plan this spring vacation?<\/p>\n

            \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a\u3000\u3048\u3048\u3001\u89b3\u5149\u306b\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/em>\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002
            \nTanaka: Yes, (I) plan to go sightseeing to Mexico.<\/p>\n

            \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u79c1\u3082\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002
            \nYamamoto: That’s nice. I want to go to Mexico too.<\/p>\n

            \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u79c1\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u884c\u304f<\/em>\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u304c\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb
            \nTanaka: I intend to by myself…<\/p>\n

            \u5c71\u672c\uff1a\u3000\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u8a33\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\uff01
            \nYamamoto: No, it’s not the case that I want to go together with you in particular!<\/p>\n

            Verb clauses as nouns<\/h2>\n

            Verbs clauses are different from nouns and are limited in many ways because you cannot attach any particles to them. However, we just learned that verb clauses can act as an adjectives. All we need to treat verb clauses as a noun is by attaching a generic noun to the clause: \u300c\u3053\u3068\u300d\uff08\u4e8b\uff09<\/p>\n

            \u300c\u306e\u300d can also be used as a noun replacement. The difference is \u300c\u3053\u3068\u300d is a more general statement while \u300c\u306e\u300d is specific to the context of the sentence.<\/p>\n

            Example<\/h3>\n
              \n
            1. \u4e8b \u3010\u3053\u3068\u3011 – event, matter, generic happening<\/li>\n
            2. \u6599\u7406 \u3010\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u308a\u3011 – cooking<\/li>\n
            3. \u304a\u7bb8 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u306f\u3057\u3011 – chopsticks<\/li>\n
            4. \u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – rice; meal<\/li>\n
            5. \u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3080\u305a\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – difficult, hard<\/li>\n
            6. \u671d \u3010\u3042\u3055\u3011 – morning<\/li>\n
            7. \u65e9\u3044 \u3010\u306f\u3084\u30fb\u3044\u3011 – early<\/li>\n
            8. \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u304d\u308b\u3011 – to occur; to awake<\/li>\n
            9. \u82e6\u624b \u3010\u306b\u304c\u30fb\u3066\u3011 (na-adj) – poor\/weak at<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n
              1. \u6599\u7406\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e<\/em>\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3002
                \n(I) like cooking.<\/li>\n
              2. \u304a\u7bb8\u3067\u3054\u98ef\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3002
                \nIt is difficult to eat rice by way of chopsticks.<\/li>\n
              3. \u671d\u3001\u65e9\u304f\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u306e<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u82e6\u624b\u3002
                \nNot good at waking up early in the morning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \"Conversation<\/a><\/div>\n

                Comic 6: \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u751f\u3068\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u7df4\u7fd2\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                1. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese (language)<\/li>\n
                2. \u5148\u751f \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – teacher<\/li>\n
                3. \u4f1a\u8a71 \u3010\u304b\u3044\u30fb\u308f\u3011 – conversation<\/li>\n
                4. \u7df4\u7fd2 \u3010\u308c\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3011 – practice<\/li>\n
                5. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
                6. \u6687 \u3010\u3072\u307e\u3011 (na-adj) – free (as in not busy)<\/li>\n
                7. \u6642 \u3010\u3068\u304d\u3011 – when<\/li>\n
                8. \u3069\u3093\u306a – what kind<\/li>\n
                9. \u3053\u3068 – matter; event<\/li>\n
                10. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) – likable<\/li>\n
                11. \u305d\u3046 – (things are) that way<\/li>\n
                12. \u6620\u753b\u3000\u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u3011 – movie<\/li>\n
                13. \u898b\u308b\u3000\u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to see; to watch<\/li>\n
                14. \u660e\u65e5\u3000\u3010\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3011 – tomorrow<\/li>\n
                15. \u4f55\u304b \u3010\u306a\u306b\u30fb\u304b\u3011 – something<\/li>\n
                16. \u4e88\u5b9a \u3010\u3088\u30fb\u3066\u3044\u3011 – plan(s)<\/li>\n
                17. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
                18. \u306f\u3044 – yes (polite)<\/li>\n
                19. \u50d5 \u3010\u307c\u304f\u3011 – me; myself; I (polite, masculine)<\/li>\n
                20. \u884c\u304f\u3000\u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 – to go<\/li>\n
                21. \u8cea\u554f \u3010\u3057\u3064\u30fb\u3082\u3093\u3011 – question<\/li>\n
                22. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
                23. \u3044\u3044\u3048 – no (polite)<\/li>\n
                24. \u610f\u5473 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – meaning<\/li>\n
                25. \u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 – what<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u6687\u306a\u6642\u306b\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e<\/em>\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
                  \nTeacher: Smith-san, what kind of thing(s) do (you) like to do when (you’re) free?<\/p>\n

                  \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u308b\u306e<\/em>\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002
                  \nSmith: Let’s see. (I) like to watch movie(s).<\/p>\n

                  \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u660e\u65e5\u4f55\u304b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f
                  \nTeacher: Brown-san, do you have any plans tomorrow?<\/p>\n

                  \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a\u306f\u3044\u3001\u50d5\u3082\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002
                  \nBrown: Yes, I also want to go see (a) movie.<\/p>\n

                  \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u5148\u751f\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306f\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f
                  \nTeacher: ? Do (you) understand my (the teacher’s) question?<\/p>\n

                  \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
                  \nBrown: No, (I) don’t understand.<\/p>\n

                  \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u4e88\u5b9a\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
                  \nTeacher: Do (you) not understand the meaning of “\u4e88\u5b9a”?<\/p>\n

                  \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a\u300c\u610f\u5473\u300d\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
                  \nBrown: What is “meaning”?<\/p>\n

                  What do you like to do when you’re free?<\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u4eca\u9031\u672b \u3010\u3053\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u307e\u3064\u3011 – this weekend<\/li>\n
                  2. \u7279 \u3010\u3068\u304f\u3011 – particular<\/li>\n
                  3. \u672c\u5c4b \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3084\u3011 – bookstore<\/li>\n
                  4. \u3081\u3093\u3069\u304f\u3055\u3044 (i-adj) – bothersome<\/li>\n
                  5. \u4ffa \u3010\u304a\u308c\u3011 – me, myself (masculine, casual<\/li>\n
                  6. \u6687 \u3010\u3072\u307e\u3011 (na-adj) – free (as in not busy)<\/li>\n
                  7. \u3084\u306f\u308a\uff0f\u3084\u3063\u3071\u308a – as I thought, as expected<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u4eca\u9031\u672b\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u304b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3042\u308b\uff1f
                    \nSmith: Do you have some kind of plan this weekend?<\/p>\n

                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u7279\u306b\u306a\u3044\u3051\u3069\uff1f
                    \nJohn: Not particularly but?<\/p>\n

                    \u30b9\u30df\u30b9: \u7686\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u672c\u5c4b\u3055\u3093\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306e<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3046\uff1f
                    \nSmith: How about going to Japanese bookstore with everybody?<\/p>\n

                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3081\u3093\u3069\u304f\u3055\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4ffa\u306f\u3044\u3044\u3002
                    \nJohn: It’s too bothersome so I’m fine.<\/p>\n

                    \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u6687\u306a\u6642\u306b\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e<\/em>\u304c\u597d\u304d\u306a\u306e\uff1f
                    \nSmith: What do you like to do when you’re free?<\/p>\n

                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u4f55\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e<\/em>\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3060\u306d\u3002
                    \nJohn: I like not doing anything.<\/p>\n

                    \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u3084\u3063\u3071\u308a\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3002
                    \nSmith: As I thought.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Now that we are familiar with both state-of-being and verbs, we can begin to look at how to use verb clauses to construct more complicated sentences. As we have learned, a complete sentence must end either in a real verb or state-of-being. This sentence can also be used as a clause as a part of … <\/p>\n

                    Continue reading “Verb clauses”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verbs","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=441"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=441"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}