{"id":445,"date":"2017-10-16T19:00:52","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=445"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:09:33","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:09:33","slug":"chapter3-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/chapter3_summary","title":{"rendered":"Chapter summary and practice"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this chapter, we learned how to use and describe common activities using verbs. We also learned how to make or suggest plans by using the \u300c\uff5e\u305f\u3044\u300d and volitional form. Finally, we learned the concept of verb clauses and how to use them to create more complicated sentences.<\/p>\n

Here is a short list of examples using the various conjugations we learned in this chapter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb Conjugation Examples<\/caption>\n
<\/th>\nPlain<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\nPolite<\/th>\nNegative Polite<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Ru-verb<\/th>\n\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td>\n\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U-verb<\/th>\n\u98f2\u3080<\/td>\n\u98f2\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Verbs ending in \u300c\u3046\u300d<\/th>\n\u8cb7\u3046<\/td>\n\u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exception<\/th>\n\u3042\u308b<\/td>\n\u306a\u3044<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\nException<\/th>\n\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em>*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exception<\/th>\n\u304f\u308b\uff08\u6765\u308b\uff09<\/td>\n\u3053\u306a\u3044<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em>*<\/td>\n\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em>*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

* = exceptions<\/p>\n

Future plans and routine activities<\/h2>\n

In this chapter, we learned how to use verbs to talk about things we do or do not do. The verbs, by themselves, do not have a specific tense so they can be used to describe activities in the future or an unspecified time.<\/p>\n

With the grammar we learned in this chapter, we now know how to make plans with other people and talk about what kind of things we do on a regular basis. Here is a long list of vocabulary describing various times in addition to the ones we already learned for days of the week. Though the vocabulary list is rather long, you’ll notice that it’s mostly different combinations of the same Kanji such as \u300c\u65e5\u300d for day.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u6628\u65e5 \u3010\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3011 – yesterday<\/li>\n
  2. \u4eca\u65e5 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – today<\/li>\n
  3. \u660e\u65e5 \u3010\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3011 – tomorrow<\/li>\n
  4. \u6bce\u65e5 \u3010\u307e\u3044\u30fb\u306b\u3061\u3011 – every day<\/li>\n
  5. \u5148\u6708 \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u3052\u3064\u3011 – last month<\/li>\n
  6. \u4eca\u6708 \u3010\u3053\u3093\u30fb\u3052\u3064\u3011 – this month<\/li>\n
  7. \u6765\u6708 \u3010\u3089\u3044\u30fb\u3052\u3064\u3011 – next month<\/li>\n
  8. \u6bce\u6708 \u3010\u307e\u3044\u30fb\u3064\u304d\u3011 – every month<\/li>\n
  9. \u53bb\u5e74 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u3011 – last year<\/li>\n
  10. \u4eca\u5e74 \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3068\u3057\u3011 – this year<\/li>\n
  11. \u6765\u5e74 \u3010\u3089\u3044\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u3011 – next year<\/li>\n
  12. \u6bce\u5e74 \u3010\u307e\u3044\u30fb\u3068\u3057\u3011 – every year<\/li>\n
  13. \u671d \u3010\u3042\u3055\u3011 – morning<\/li>\n
  14. \u4eca\u671d \u3010\u3051\u30fb\u3055\u3011 – this morning<\/li>\n
  15. \u6bce\u671d \u3010\u307e\u3044\u30fb\u3042\u3055\u3011 – every morning<\/li>\n
  16. \u663c \u3010\u3072\u308b\u3011 – afternoon<\/li>\n
  17. \u591c \u3010\u3088\u308b\u3011 – evening<\/li>\n
  18. \u4eca\u591c \u3010\u3053\u3093\u30fb\u3084\u3011 – tonight<\/li>\n
  19. \u4eca\u6669 \u3010\u3053\u3093\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – tonight<\/li>\n
  20. \u6bce\u6669 \u3010\u307e\u3044\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – every night<\/li>\n
  21. \u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – rice; meal<\/li>\n
  22. \u671d\u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3042\u3055\u30fb\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – breakfast<\/li>\n
  23. \u663c\u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3072\u308b\u30fb\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – lunch<\/li>\n
  24. \u6669\u3054\u98ef \u3010\u3070\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u30fb\u306f\u3093\u3011 – dinner<\/li>\n
  25. \u6625 \u3010\u306f\u308b\u3011 – spring<\/li>\n
  26. \u590f \u3010\u306a\u3064\u3011 – summer<\/li>\n
  27. \u79cb \u3010\u3042\u304d\u3011 – autumn<\/li>\n
  28. \u51ac \u3010\u3075\u3086\u3011 – winter<\/li>\n
  29. \u4f11\u307f \u3010\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – rest, vacation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u3088\u3046\u304b\uff1f
      \nWhat shall (we) do today?<\/li>\n
    2. \u3069\u3093\u306a\u98df\u3079\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044\uff1f
      \nWhat kind of food do (you) want to eat?<\/li>\n
    3. \u663c\u3054\u98ef\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f
      \nWhat shall we eat for lunch?<\/li>\n
    4. \u9031\u672b\u306b\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e\uff1f
      \nWhat do (you) usually do on weekends?<\/li>\n
    5. \u4eca\u5e74\u306e\u51ac\u4f11\u307f\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f
      \nDo (you) have some kind of plan this winter vacation?<\/li>\n
    6. \u6765\u9031\u672b\u306b\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3046\uff1f
      \nHow (about) going to watch movie next weekend?<\/li>\n
    7. \u6687\u306a\u6642\u306b\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
      \nWhat do (you) like to do when (you’re) free?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Writing Practice<\/h2>\n

      If you have friends who speak Japanese, great! Next time you’re making plans either in an email or face-to-face, surprise your friend by using Japanese.<\/p>\n

      Otherwise, for your diary on paper or on Lang-8<\/a>, you can talk about the kinds of things you do and activities you enjoy. For example, here is a short self-description of John Brown talking about the things he likes to do (or not).<\/p>\n

      I like sleeping the most<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u8da3\u5473 \u3010\u3057\u3085\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – hobby<\/li>\n
      2. \u7279\u306b \u3010\u3068\u304f\u30fb\u306b\u3011 – particularly<\/li>\n
      3. \u5bdd\u308b \u3010\u306d\u30fb\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) – to sleep<\/li>\n
      4. \u4e00\u756a \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – #1; the best; -est<\/li>\n
      5. \u5bbf\u984c \u3010\u3057\u3085\u304f\u30fb\u3060\u3044\u3011 – homework<\/li>\n
      6. \u52c9\u5f37 \u3010\u3079\u3093\u30fb\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – studies<\/li>\n
      7. \u8a71\u3059 \u3010\u306f\u306a\u30fb\u3059\u3011(u-verb) – to speak<\/li>\n
      8. \u6f22\u5b57 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u3058\u3011 – Kanji<\/li>\n
      9. \u767a\u97f3 \u3010\u306f\u3064\u30fb\u304a\u3093\u3011 – pronunciation<\/li>\n
      10. \u5c06\u6765 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3089\u3044\u3011 – future<\/li>\n
      11. \u306a\u308b\u3079\u304f – as much as possible<\/li>\n
      12. \u697d \u3010\u3089\u304f\u3011(na-adj) – with ease; comfortable<\/li>\n
      13. \u4ed5\u4e8b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u3054\u3068\u3011 – work; job<\/li>\n
      14. \u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093 – a lot<\/li>\n
      15. \u50cd\u304f \u3010\u306f\u305f\u3089\u30fb\u304f\u3011 – to work<\/li>\n
      16. \u3069\u3046\u3059\u308b – what one should do (lit: how do)<\/li>\n
      17. \u6642 \u3010\u3068\u304d\u3011 – when<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3057\u3066\u3002\u79c1\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8da3\u5473\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4f55\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u5bdd\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5bbf\u984c\u3084\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u597d\u304d\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8a71\u3059\u306e\u306f\u3001\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002\u6f22\u5b57\u3068\u304b\u767a\u97f3\u304c\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3002\u3044\u3064\u304b\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c06\u6765\u306b\u306f\u3001\u306a\u308b\u3079\u304f\u697d\u306a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u304c\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u7686\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u50cd\u304f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f\u3084\u306f\u308a\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6642\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n

        Nice to meet you. My name is John Brown. As for (my) hobbies, there aren’t any particularly but (I) like sleeping the best. (I) don’t like doing things like homework and studying very much. But (I) like speaking in Japanese, you know. Because things like Kanji and pronunciation are interesting. (I) want to go to Japan sometime. As for in the future, (I) want to do a relaxing job as much as possible but everybody in Japan works a lot so what should (I) do? As expected, (I) want to go when (I’m) a student.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        In this chapter, we learned how to use and describe common activities using verbs. We also learned how to make or suggest plans by using the \u300c\uff5e\u305f\u3044\u300d and volitional form. Finally, we learned the concept of verb clauses and how to use them to create more complicated sentences. Here is a short list of examples … <\/p>\n

        Continue reading “Chapter summary and practice”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verbs","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/445\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=445"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}