{"id":450,"date":"2017-10-16T19:16:24","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=450"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:09:48","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:09:48","slug":"progressive-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/progressive_tense","title":{"rendered":"Progressive Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The progressive tense in most cases indicate an action that is ongoing. Some simple examples of the progressive tense is &#8220;I am watching a movie&#8221; or &#8220;I am eating&#8221;. The same tense is also used to describe an ongoing state resulting from the action such as, &#8220;I am married&#8221;. In order to learn the conjugation rule for this construction, we must first learn the te-form, a very useful verb form that we will use in many different types of grammar.<\/p>\n<h2>The te-form<\/h2>\n<p>The conjugation rule for ru-verbs and the exception verbs are fairly easy as you simply need to append \u300c\u3066\u300d to the stem.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">To change ru-verbs into the te-form<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"plain\">\n<li>Drop the \u300c\u308b\u300d part of the ru-verb (same as the stem) and add \u300c\u3066\u300d<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<strike>\u308b<\/strike> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em>\u3066<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u898b<strike>\u308b<\/strike> \u2192 \u898b<em>\u3066<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Conjugating a u-verb to the te-form is a bit more complex because we must break up u-verbs into four additional categories.  These four categories depend on the last character of the verb. The list below has an example of a common verb with each different ending.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8a71\u3059 \u3010\u306f\u306a\u30fb\u3059\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to speak<\/li>\n<li>\u66f8\u304f \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u304f\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to write<\/li>\n<li>\u6cf3\u3050 \u3010\u304a\u3088\u30fb\u3050\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to swim<\/li>\n<li>\u98f2\u3080 \u3010\u306e\u30fb\u3080\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to drink<\/li>\n<li>\u904a\u3076 \u3010\u3042\u305d\u30fb\u3076\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to play<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u306c \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u306c\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to die<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u308b \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to cut<\/li>\n<li>\u8cb7\u3046 \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u3046\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to buy<\/li>\n<li>\u6301\u3064 \u3010\u3082\u30fb\u3064\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to hold<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to go<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The table below illustrated the four different categories and the conjugation rules for each using the list above.<\/p>\n<p>There is also one additional exception for this conjugation: \u300c\u884c\u304f\u300d<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Te-form conjugations for u-verbs<\/caption>\n<tr>\n<th>Ending<\/th>\n<th>Non-Past<\/th>\n<th>changes to&#8230;<\/th>\n<th>Te-form<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71<em>\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u3059 \u2192 \u3057\u3066<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71<em>\u3057\u3066<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u304f<br \/>\u3050<\/td>\n<td>\u66f8<em>\u304f<\/em><br \/>\n\u6cf3<em>\u3050<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u304f \u2192 \u3044\u3066<br \/>\u3050 \u2192 \u3044\u3067<\/td>\n<td>\u66f8<em>\u3044\u3066<\/em><br \/>\n\u6cf3<em>\u3044\u3067<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u3080<br \/>\u3076<br \/>\u306c<\/td>\n<td>\u98f2<em>\u3080<\/em><br \/>\n\u904a<em>\u3076<\/em><br \/>\n\u6b7b<em>\u306c<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u3080 \u2192 \u3093\u3067<br \/>\u3076 \u2192 \u3093\u3067<br \/>\u306c \u2192 \u3093\u3067<\/td>\n<td>\u98f2<em>\u3093\u3067<\/em><br \/>\n\u904a<em>\u3093\u3067<\/em><br \/>\n\u6b7b<em>\u3093\u3067<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u308b<br \/>\u3046<br \/>\u3064<\/td>\n<td>\u5207<em>\u308b<\/em><br \/>\n\u8cb7<em>\u3046<\/em><br \/>\n\u6301<em>\u3064<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u308b \u2192 \u3063\u3066<br \/>\u3046 \u2192 \u3063\u3066<br \/>\u3064 \u2192 \u3063\u3066<\/td>\n<td>\u5207<em>\u3063\u3066<\/em><br \/>\n\u8cb7<em>\u3063\u3066<\/em><br \/>\n\u6301<em>\u3063\u3066<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Exception Verbs<\/caption>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Non-Past<\/th>\n<th>Te-form<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n<td>\u3057<em>\u3066<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u6765\u308b<\/td>\n<td>\u304d<em>\u3066<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td>\u884c\u304f<\/td>\n<td>\u884c<em>\u3063\u3066<\/em>*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>* exceptions particular to this conjugation<\/p>\n<h2>Progressive Tense<\/h2>\n<p>In order to change a verb to the progressive tense, we simply need to attach a verb we already learned to the te-form. This is the ru-verb \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d used to express existence of an animate object. In this case, it is used simply as a grammatical construct to express the progressive tense and has little to do with the original verb.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Using \u300c\uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d for progressive tense<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"plain\">\n<li>To describe a continuing action, first conjugate the verb to the te-form and then attach the ru-verb \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d. <\/li>\n<li>Examples\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em>\u3066<\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3066<em>\u3044\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u8aad<em><strike>\u3080<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u8aad<em>\u3093\u3067<\/em> \u2192 \u8aad\u3093\u3067<em>\u3044\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The beauty and simplicity of this construction is because it ends in the ru-verb \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d, any additional conjugations are the same as any other ru-verb, including the polite form. This also applies to the past tense, which we will learn later.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<caption>Progressive Conjugation Examples<\/caption>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Positive<\/th>\n<th>Negative<\/th>\n<th>Positive Polite<\/th>\n<th>Negative Polite<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ru-verb<\/th>\n<td>\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n<td>\u898b\u3066\u3044<em>\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u898b\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u898b\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>U-verb<\/th>\n<td>\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n<td>\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044<em>\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044<em>\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Exception<\/th>\n<td>\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6765\u308b\uff09*<\/td>\n<td>\u304d\u3066\u3044<em>\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u304d\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u304d\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Exception<\/th>\n<td>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b*<\/td>\n<td>\u3057\u3066\u3044<em>\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u3057\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u3057\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Exception<\/th>\n<td>\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b*<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044<em>\u306a\u3044<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u3059<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>* = exceptions<\/p>\n<div style=\"float:right; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/emhc.tumblr.com\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/comics\/comic7.jpg\" style=\"width: 240px; height: 756px;\" alt=\"Walking dog\" title=\"\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3082\u3063\u3068\u307e\u3057\u306a\u8a00\u3044\u8a33\u304c\u601d\u3044\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3093\u3060\u3088\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u305d\u308c &#8211; that<\/li>\n<li>\u3082\u3046 &#8211; already<\/li>\n<li>\u77e5\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to acquire knowledge<\/li>\n<li>\u30da\u30f3 &#8211; pen<\/li>\n<li>\u6301\u3064 \u3010\u3082\u30fb\u3064\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to hold<\/li>\n<li>\u7d50\u5a5a \u3010\u3051\u3063\u30fb\u3053\u3093\u3011 &#8211; marriage<\/li>\n<li>\u72ac\u3000\u3010\u3044\u306c\u3011 &#8211; dog<\/li>\n<li>\u732b\u3000\u3010\u306d\u3053\u3011 &#8211; cat<\/li>\n<li>\u98fc\u3046 \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u3046\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to keep; to raise (pets in particular)<\/li>\n<li>\u592a\u308b \u3010\u3075\u3068\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to get fat<\/li>\n<li>\u75e9\u305b\u308b \u3010\u3084\u30fb\u305b\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) &#8211; to get skinny<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3046<em>\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n(I) know that already. (lit: In state of having acquired that knowledge already.)<\/li>\n<li>\u30da\u30f3\u3092<em>\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\uff1f<br \/>\nDo (you) have (a) pen? (lit: In state of holding (owning) pen?)<\/li>\n<li>\u7d50\u5a5a<em>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u304b\uff1f<br \/>\nAre (you) married? (lit: In state of being married?)<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55\u3082<em>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nNot doing anything.<\/li>\n<li>\u72ac\u3092<em>\u98fc\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nRaising a dog.<\/li>\n<li>\u732b\u306f\u3001<em>\u98fc\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nNot raising a cat.<\/li>\n<li>\u732b\u306f\u3001<em>\u592a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n(The) cat is fat. (lit: Cat is in state of having gotten fat.)<\/li>\n<li>\u72ac\u306f\u3001<em>\u75e9\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n(The) dog is skinny. (lit: Dog is in state of having gotten skinny.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Where do you live?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f4f\u3080 \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u3080\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to reside at<\/li>\n<li>\u5bee \u3010\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3011 &#8211; dormitory<\/li>\n<li>\u898b\u304b\u3051\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) &#8211; to happen to see<\/li>\n<li>\u305a\u3063\u3068 &#8211; for a long time or distance<\/li>\n<li>\u6771 \u3010\u3072\u304c\u3057\u3011 &#8211; east<\/li>\n<li>\u65b9 \u3010\u307b\u3046\u3011 &#8211; direction<\/li>\n<li>\u6240 \u3010\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3011 &#8211; place<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u3093\u306a\u306b &#8211; that much<\/li>\n<li>\u9060\u3044 \u3010\u3068\u304a\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) &#8211; far<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u5e74\u751f \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 &#8211; first year; freshman<\/li>\n<li>\u9078\u3076 \u3010\u3048\u3089\u30fb\u3076\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to choose<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u756a \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 &#8211; #1; the best; -est<\/li>\n<li>\u9045\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u305d\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) &#8211; late<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u30ea\u30fc\u541b\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u3069\u3053\u306b<em>\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nAlice: Lee-kun, where are you residing at now?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u5bee\u306b<em>\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nLee: (I&#8217;m) living in the dorm.<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u305d\u3046\u306a\u306e\uff1f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u898b\u304b\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3051\u3069\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306e\u5bee\uff1f<br \/>\nAlice: Is that so? (I) don&#8217;t see (you) much, dorm of where?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a\u3000\u305a\u3063\u3068\u6771\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6240\u3002<br \/>\nLee: The place that&#8217;s at the far east direction.<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3000\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u305d\u3093\u306a\u306b\u9060\u3044\u6240\u306b<em>\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nAlice: Why are you living in such a far place?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a\u3000\u4e00\u5e74\u751f\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4f4f\u3080\u6240\u3092\u9078\u3076\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u9045\u3044\u3002<br \/>\nLee: (I&#8217;m) a freshman so (we&#8217;re) the latest to select a place to live.<\/p>\n<h2>Shortened progressive form<\/h2>\n<p>The \u300c\u3044\u300d from \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d can be dropped in more casual situations.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f55\u3092<em>\u3057\u3066\u308b<\/em>\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nWhat are (you) doing?<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55\u3092<em>\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u308b<\/em>\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nWhat are (you) reading?<\/li>\n<li>\u72ac\u306f\u3001<em>\u98fc\u3063\u3066\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nDon&#8217;t own a dog.<\/li>\n<li>\u30da\u30f3\u3092<em>\u6301\u3063\u3066\u308b<\/em>\uff1f<br \/>\nDo (you) have (a) pen?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The progressive tense in most cases indicate an action that is ongoing. Some simple examples of the progressive tense is &#8220;I am watching a movie&#8221; or &#8220;I am eating&#8221;. The same tense is also used to describe an ongoing state resulting from the action such as, &#8220;I am married&#8221;. In order to learn the conjugation &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/progressive_tense\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Progressive Tense&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verb-tenses-and-clauses","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=450"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}