{"id":452,"date":"2017-10-16T19:17:18","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:17:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=452"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:10:20","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:10:20","slug":"past-verb-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/verb_past","title":{"rendered":"Past Verb Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Plain past tense verbs<\/h2>\n<p>The conjugation rules for the plain past tense are quite simple now that we&#8217;ve already learn the rules for the te-form. This is because the plain past tense conjugation rules are almost identical to the rules for the te-form. The only difference is to use \u300c\u305f\u300d and \u300c\u3060\u300d in the place of \u300c\u3066\u300d and \u300c\u3067\u300d respectively.<\/p>\n<p>Remember that the progressive tense always end in the ru-verb: \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d. This means you can use the same rules as any other ru-verbs to easily change the progressive tense to the past progressive or negative past progressive.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Plain past verb tense conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Past tense:<\/b> Conjugate to the te-form and replace \u300c\u3066\u300d with \u300c\u305f\u300d and \u300c\u3067\u300d with \u300c\u3060\u300d<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em><strike>\u3066<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em>\u305f<\/em><br \/>\neat \u2192 ate<\/li>\n<li>\u98f2<em><strike>\u3080<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2<em>\u3093<strike>\u3067<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2\u3093<em>\u3060<\/em><br \/>\ndrink \u2192 drank<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044<em><strike>\u3066<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044<em>\u305f<\/em><br \/>\neating \u2192 was eating<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Negative past tense:<\/b> Conjugate to the negative and replace the last \u300c\u3044\u300d with \u300c\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em>\u306a<strike>\u3044<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a<em>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><br \/>\neat \u2192 not eat \u2192\u3000did not eat<\/li>\n<li>\u98f2<em><strike>\u3080<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2<em>\u307e\u306a<strike>\u3044<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2\u307e\u306a<em>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><br \/>\ndrink \u2192 not drink \u2192 did not drink<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044<em>\u306a<strike>\u3044<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044\u306a<em>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><br \/>\neating \u2192 not eating \u2192 was not eating<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>When you don&#8217;t understand, you should say so<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u77e5\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to know<\/li>\n<li>\u304a\u304b\u3057\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; odd, strange, funny<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u7dd2 \u3010\u3044\u3063\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 &#8211; together<\/li>\n<li>\u52c9\u5f37 \u3010\u3079\u3093\u30fb\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 &#8211; study<\/li>\n<li>\u3059\u308b (exception) &#8211; to do<\/li>\n<li>\u306f\u305a &#8211; expected to be<\/li>\n<li>\u304b\u306a (sentence-ending particle, casual) &#8211; I wonder<\/li>\n<li>\u3054\u3081\u3093 (casual) &#8211; sorry<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u4e8b \u3010\u3088\u3046\u30fb\u3058\u3011 &#8211; errand<\/li>\n<li>\u9045\u308c\u308b \u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to be late<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcd \u3010\u306f\u306f\u3011 &#8211; (one&#8217;s own) mother<\/li>\n<li>\u6025 \u3010\u304d\u3085\u3046\u3011 &#8211; sudden<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u8a71 \u3010\u3067\u3093\u30fb\u308f\u3011 &#8211; phone<\/li>\n<li>\u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 &#8211; to say<\/li>\n<li>\u6559\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u3057\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to teach; to inform<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to understand<\/li>\n<li>\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068 &#8211; properly<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1d\u3048\u308b \u3010\u3064\u305f\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) &#8211; to convey<\/li>\n<li>\u3079\u304d &#8211; should<\/li>\n<li>\u306f\u3042 &#8211; sigh<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u30ea\u30fc\u541b\u306f\u3069\u3053\uff1f<br \/>\nAlice: Where is Lee-kun?<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<br \/>\nJohn: Don&#8217;t know.<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3000\u304a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u306d\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3060\u3051\u3069\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b<em>\u884c\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u306a\uff1f<br \/>\nAlice: That&#8217;s odd. (We) are supposed to study here together but (I) wonder where (he) went?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3001\u3054\u3081\u3093\u3002\u7528\u4e8b\u3067\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068<em>\u9045\u308c\u305f<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nLee: Alice-chan, sorry. (I) was little late due to an errand.<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3000\u4f55\u3092<em>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f<\/em>\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nAlice: What were you doing?<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u6bcd\u304b\u3089\u6025\u306b\u96fb\u8a71\u304c\u6765\u305f\u306e\u3002\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306b<em>\u8a00\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u3051\u3069\u3001<em>\u6559\u3048\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nLee: A phone call came suddenly from (my) mother. I told John, didn&#8217;t (he) tell you?<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3054\u3081\u3093\u3001\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c<em>\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306b\u4f55\u3082<em>\u8a00\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nJohn: Sorry, I didn&#8217;t understand the thing (you) were saying so (I) didn&#8217;t say anything to Alice-chan.<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u4f55\u304b<em>\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u6642\u306f\u3001\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nAlice: (You) should properly convey when you didn&#8217;t understand something, you know.<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<br \/>\nJohn: (I) understood.<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\u306b\u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nLee: Did (you) really understand?<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3042\u3093\u307e\u308a\u3002<br \/>\nJohn: Not really.<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u306f\u3042\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3002<br \/>\nAlice: Sigh&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2>Polite past verbs<\/h2>\n<p>The rules for the polite past tense is similar to the other polite tenses and are all based on the verb stem.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Polite past verb tense conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Past tense:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300d to the verb stem<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u98f2<em><strike>\u3080<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2<em><strike>\u307f<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2\u307f<em>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Negative past tense:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d to the verb stem<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<em><strike>\u308b<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98df\u3079<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u98f2<em><strike>\u3080<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2<em><strike>\u307f<\/strike><\/em> \u2192 \u98f2\u307f<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<caption>Summary of \u300c\uff5e\u307e\u3059\u300d conjugations<\/caption>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Positive<\/th>\n<th>Negative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Non-Past<\/th>\n<td>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059 &#8211; go<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093 &#8211; don&#8217;t go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Past<\/th>\n<td>\u884c\u304d<em>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em> &#8211; went<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304d<em>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em> &#8211; didn&#8217;t go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Spring vacation is already over<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5c71\u672c \u3010\u3084\u307e\u3082\u3068\u3011 &#8211; Yamamoto (surname)<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u751f \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 &#8211; teacher<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f &#8211; Good day (pronounced \u300c\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u308f\u300d)<\/li>\n<li>\u3082\u3046 &#8211; already<\/li>\n<li>\u3059\u3063\u304b\u308a &#8211; completely, thoroughly<\/li>\n<li>\u6625 \u3010\u306f\u308b\u3011 &#8211; Spring<\/li>\n<li>\u306a\u308b &#8211; to become<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u3046 &#8211; so<\/li>\n<li>\u6625\u4f11\u307f \u3010\u306f\u308b\u30fb\u3084\u3059\u307f\u3011 &#8211; spring vacation<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u5f53 \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 &#8211; real<\/li>\n<li>\u65e9\u3044 \u3010\u306f\u3084\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) &#8211; early<\/li>\n<li>\u7d42\u308f\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u308f\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to end<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\u3011 &#8211; what<\/li>\n<li>\u3059\u308b &#8211; to do<\/li>\n<li>\u306e\u3093\u3073\u308a &#8211; carefree; at leisure<\/li>\n<li>\u4f11\u3080 \u3010\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u3080\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to rest; to take a break<\/li>\n<li>\u7279 \u3010\u3068\u304f\u3011 &#8211; particular<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c &#8211; that<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) &#8211; good<\/li>\n<li>\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068 &#8211; properly<\/li>\n<li>\u4f11\u307f \u3010\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u307f\u3011 &#8211; vacation<\/li>\n<li>\u53d6\u308b \u3010\u3068\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to take<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u4e8b \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u3058\u3011(na-adj) &#8211; important<\/li>\n<li>\u6388\u696d \u3010\u3058\u3085\u30fb\u304e\u3087\u3046\u3011 &#8211; class; lecture<\/li>\n<li>\u6e96\u5099 \u3010\u3058\u3085\u3093\u30fb\u3073\u3011 &#8211; preparation<\/li>\n<li>\u8272\u3005 \u3010\u3044\u308d\u30fb\u3044\u308d\u3011 (na-adj) &#8211; various<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\u3001\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\uff01<br \/>\nSmith: Yamamoto-sensei, good afternoon!<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3055\u3093\u3001\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3002\u3082\u3046\u3059\u3063\u304b\u308a\u6625\u306b<em>\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u306d\u3002<br \/>\nYamamoto: Smith-san, good afternoon. It already became thoroughly spring, hasn&#8217;t it?<\/p>\n<p>\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u6625\u4f11\u307f\u306f\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u65e9\u304f<em>\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nSmith: That&#8217;s so, isn&#8217;t it. Spring vacation really ended quickly.<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u6625\u4f11\u307f\u306b\u4f55\u3092<em>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3002<br \/>\nYamamoto: Is that so? What did (you) do in spring vacation?<\/p>\n<p>\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u306e\u3093\u3073\u308a<em>\u4f11\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4f55\u3082<em>\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\nSmith: (I) rested taking it easy so (I) didn&#8217;t do anything in particular.<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u305d\u308c\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u4f11\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u3082\u5927\u4e8b\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\nYamamoto: That is good as well. (It&#8217;s) also important to properly take rest so.<\/p>\n<p>\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\u306f\u3001\u4f11\u307f\u306b\u4f55\u3092<em>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3002<br \/>\nSmith: Yamamoto-sensei, what did (you) do for vacation?<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u6388\u696d\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u3067\u8272\u3005<em>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nYamamoto: (I) was doing various things with class preparation.<\/p>\n<p>\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u4f11\u307f\u3092\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5927\u4e8b\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nSmith: (It&#8217;s) important to properly take rest, you know.<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<br \/>\nYamomoto: That&#8217;s right.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plain past tense verbs The conjugation rules for the plain past tense are quite simple now that we&#8217;ve already learn the rules for the te-form. This is because the plain past tense conjugation rules are almost identical to the rules for the te-form. The only difference is to use \u300c\u305f\u300d and \u300c\u3060\u300d in the place &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/verb_past\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Past Verb Tense&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verb-tenses-and-clauses","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=452"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}