{"id":454,"date":"2017-10-16T19:18:09","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=454"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:10:27","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:10:27","slug":"state-of-being-past-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/stateofbeing_past","title":{"rendered":"State-of-Being Past Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plain past nouns and adjectives<\/h2>\n

The conjugation rules for nouns and na-adjectives are identical once again for the past tense. The rule is also the same for i-adjectives and negative forms as they both end in \u300c\u3044\u300d.<\/p>\n

As usual, \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d and \u300c\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044\u300d conjugations start from the original \u300c\u3088\u3044\u300d pronunciation.<\/p>\n

\nPlain past state-of-being conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  • For nouns\/na-adjectives:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u3060\u3063\u305f\u300d to the end
    \nExamples<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5b66\u751f\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
    2. \u6687\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
    3. For i-adjectives\/negative:<\/b> Replace the \u300c\u3044\u300d with \u300c\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d
      \nExamples<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f = \u304b\u308f\u3044\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
      2. \u304b\u308f\u3044\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f = \u304b\u308f\u3044\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
      3. \u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f = \u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
      4. \u6687\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f = \u6687\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
      5. \u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f = \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
      6. \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f = \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
      7. Exceptions:<\/b> \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d conjugates from \u300c\u3088\u3044\u300d\n
          \n
        1. \u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u3088\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f = \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
        2. \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f = \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
          Summary of plain nouns\/na-adjective tenses<\/caption>\n
          <\/th>\nPositive<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          Non-Past<\/th>\n\u5b66\u751f – (is) student<\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044 – is not student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Past<\/th>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/em> – was student<\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em> – was not student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
          Summary of plain i-adjective tense<\/caption>\n
          <\/th>\nPositive<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          Non-Past<\/th>\n\u9ad8\u3044 – (is) tall<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044 – is not tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Past<\/th>\n\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em> – was tall<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em> – was not tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

          Looking forward to next year<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u6625 \u3010\u306f\u308b\u3011 – spring<\/li>\n
          2. \u5b66\u671f \u3010\u304c\u3063\u30fb\u304d\u3011 – school term<\/li>\n
          3. \u3082\u3046 – already; more<\/li>\n
          4. \u3059\u3050 – soon<\/li>\n
          5. \u7d42\u308f\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u308f\u308b\u3011 – to end<\/li>\n
          6. \u3084\u3063\u3068 – finally<\/li>\n
          7. \u672c\u5f53 \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 – real<\/li>\n
          8. \u8272\u3005 \u3010\u3044\u308d\u30fb\u3044\u308d\u3011 (na-adjective) – various<\/li>\n
          9. \u590f \u3010\u306a\u3064\u3011 – summer<\/li>\n
          10. \u4f11\u307f \u3010\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – vacation<\/li>\n
          11. \u697d\u3057\u307f \u3010\u305f\u306e\u30fb\u3057\u307f\u3011 – look forward to<\/li>\n
          12. \u78ba\u304b \u3010\u305f\u3057\u30fb\u304b\u3011 – certain, sure<\/li>\n
          13. \u4e8c\u5e74\u751f \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u306d\u3093\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – second-year, sophomore<\/li>\n
          14. \u306a\u308b – to become<\/li>\n
          15. \uff5e\u9054 \u3010\u305f\u3061\u3011 – pluralizing suffix<\/li>\n
          16. \u559c\u3076 \u3010\u3088\u308d\u3053\u30fb\u3076\u3011 – to be pleased<\/li>\n
          17. \u6388\u696d \u3010\u3058\u3085\u30fb\u304e\u3087\u3046\u3011 – class<\/li>\n
          18. \u3082\u3063\u3068 – more<\/li>\n
          19. \uff5e\u306a (sentence-ending particle) – casual and masculine version of \uff5e\u306d<\/li>\n
          20. \u5168\u7136 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u305c\u3093\u3011 – not at all (when used with negative)<\/li>\n
          21. \u805e\u304f \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u304f\u3011 – to listen<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u6625\u5b66\u671f\u306f\u3082\u3046\u3059\u3050\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u3088\u306d\u3002
            \nAlice: Spring term will also end soon, huh?<\/p>\n

            \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3084\u3063\u3068\u3060\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u8272\u3005\u5927\u5909\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u306d\u3002\u590f\u4f11\u307f\u304c\u697d\u3057\u307f\uff01
            \nJohn: Finally. Cause it was really tough for various (things). Looking forward to summer vacation!<\/p>\n

            \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u78ba\u304b\u306b\u5927\u5909\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u3051\u3069\u3001\u697d\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u3088\u3002
            \nAlice: It was rough sure but it was fun.<\/p>\n

            \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3093\u3060\u306d\u3002
            \nLee: And then, we’ll become second-year students, huh?<\/p>\n

            \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u305d\u3046\uff01\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7530\u4e2d\u5148\u751f\u304c\u79c1\u9054\u306e\u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002
            \nJonn: That’s right! And then, Tanaka-sensei will become our teacher.<\/p>\n

            \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u4f55\u3092\u559c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\uff1f\u7530\u4e2d\u5148\u751f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3088\u3002
            \nAlice: What are you getting happy (about)? Tanaka-sensei’s class is much more difficult, you know.<\/p>\n

            \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u7530\u4e2d\u5148\u751f\u306f\u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044\u3088\u306d\u3002
            \nLee: Tanaka-sensei is cute, huh?<\/p>\n

            \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044\u3088\u306a\uff01
            \nJohn: (She’s) cute, huh!<\/p>\n

            \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u5168\u7136\u805e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3002
            \nAlice: Not listening at all…<\/p>\n

            Polite past nouns and adjectives<\/h2>\n

            The polite form for past nouns and adjectives is similar to the plain past conjugation rules.<\/p>\n

            \nPast state-of-being conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n
              \n
            1. For nouns\/na-adjectives:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d to the end
              \nExamples<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n
              2. \u6687\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
              3. For i-adjectives\/negative:<\/b> Add \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d to the plain past tense
                \nExamples<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> = \u304b\u308f\u3044\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n
                2. \u304b\u308f\u3044\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> = \u304b\u308f\u3044\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n
                3. \u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> = \u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n
                4. \u6687\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> = \u6687\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n
                5. \u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \u2192 \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n
                6. \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strike> + \u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \u2192 \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                7. Exceptions:<\/b> Add \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d to the plain past tense\n
                    \n
                  1. \u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u3088\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059 = \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n
                  2. \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059 = \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
                    Summary of polite nouns\/na-adjective tenses<\/caption>\n
                    <\/th>\nPositive<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Non-Past<\/th>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059 – (is) student<\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 – is not student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Past<\/th>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em> – was student<\/td>\n\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em> – was not student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
                    Summary of polite i-adjective tense<\/caption>\n
                    <\/th>\nPositive<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Non-Past<\/th>\n\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059 – (is) tall<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 – is not tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Past<\/th>\n\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em> – was tall<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em> – was not tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

                    Note that \u300c\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d only<\/u> applies to nouns and na-adjectives. Japanese learners have a tendency to do the same for i-adjectives, for example \u300c\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d but it is incorrect!<\/p>\n

                    How was your vacation?<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3 – Mexico<\/li>\n
                    2. \u65c5\u884c \u3010\u308a\u3087\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 – trip<\/li>\n
                    3. \u5bb6\u65cf \u3010\u304b\u30fb\u305e\u304f\u3011 – family<\/li>\n
                    4. \u305d\u3093\u306a\u306b – that much<\/li>\n
                    5. \u9060\u3044 \u3010\u3068\u304a\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – far<\/li>\n
                    6. \u6240 \u3010\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3011 – place<\/li>\n
                    7. \u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b – fairly<\/i>\n
                    8. \u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f – little while<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u7530\u4e2d\u5148\u751f\u3001\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3002
                      \nYamamoto: Tanaka-sensei, how was the trip of Mexico?<\/p>\n

                      \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u3068\u3066\u3082\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3088\u3002\u8272\u3005\u9762\u767d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\u3082\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3088\u306d\u3002
                      \nTanaka: It was very good. Various (things) were interesting. Yamamoto-sensei also wanted to go, right?<\/p>\n

                      \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u3048\u3048\u3002\u3067\u3082\u5bb6\u65cf\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u3093\u306a\u306b\u9060\u3044\u6240\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002
                      \nYamamoto: Yes. But because (I have) family, it’s fairly difficult to go to such a far place.<\/p>\n

                      \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u79c1\u306f\u3082\u3046\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3088\u3002
                      \nTanaka: I already went so (I) won’t go for a while.<\/p>\n

                      \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7530\u4e2d\u5148\u751f\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u5168\u7136\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3002
                      \nYamamoto: That’s why (for reasons I already said), (I) didn’t have intention of going together with (you) Tanaka-sensei at all.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Plain past nouns and adjectives The conjugation rules for nouns and na-adjectives are identical once again for the past tense. The rule is also the same for i-adjectives and negative forms as they both end in \u300c\u3044\u300d. As usual, \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d and \u300c\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044\u300d conjugations start from the original \u300c\u3088\u3044\u300d pronunciation. Plain past state-of-being conjugation rules For … <\/p>\n

                      Continue reading “State-of-Being Past Tense”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verb-tenses-and-clauses","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=454"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}