{"id":460,"date":"2017-10-16T19:21:22","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=460"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:11:43","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:11:43","slug":"phrasing-verb-clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/verb_phrase","title":{"rendered":"Phrasing verb clauses"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quoting a phrase<\/h2>\n

The most straight-forward reason to phrase a verb clause is to quote somebody. A verb clause can be phrased by adding \u300c\u3068\u300d to the end of the clause. For verb clauses that end in an plain noun or na-adjective, we must add \u300c\u3060\u300d. A direct quote would use the Japanese version of double-quotes: \u300c\u300d but you can also paraphrase.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to say<\/li>\n
  2. \u5f7c \u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 – he<\/li>\n
  3. \u5f7c\u5973 \u3010\u304b\u306e\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3011 – she; girlfriend<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3001\u6765\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068<\/em>\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002
      \nSmith-san said “he\/she is not coming today”.<\/li>\n
    2. \u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u3044\u3064\u3082\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u3068<\/em>\u8a00\u3046\u3002
      \nHe always says (he\/she) is busy.<\/li>\n
    3. \u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u3001\u6765\u9031\u6687\u3060\u3068<\/em>\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002
      \nShe said (he\/she) is free next week.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u6388\u696d\u3067\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u7df4\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642<\/h3>\n

      This grammar is also very useful for defining things and asking how one would say something.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u6388\u696d \u3010\u3058\u3085\u30fb\u304e\u3087\u3046\u3011 – class<\/li>\n
      2. \u4f1a\u8a71 \u3010\u304b\u3044\u30fb\u308f\u3011 – conversation<\/li>\n
      3. \u7df4\u7fd2 \u3010\u308c\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3011 – practice<\/li>\n
      4. \u30c8\u30a4\u30ec – toilet; bathroom<\/li>\n
      5. \u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093 – of course<\/li>\n
      6. \u304a\u624b\u6d17\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3066\u30fb\u3042\u3089\u30fb\u3044\u3011 – bathroom<\/li>\n
      7. \u4e2d \u3010\u306a\u304b\u3011 – inside<\/li>\n
      8. \u610f\u5473 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – meaning<\/li>\n
      9. \u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f – well then, in that case<\/li>\n
      10. \u9055\u3044 \u3010\u3061\u304c\u30fb\u3044\u3011 – difference<\/li>\n
      11. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011(u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
      12. \u5927\u4f53 \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u305f\u3044\u3011 – mostly<\/li>\n
      13. \u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 – context<\/li>\n
      14. \u4f8b\u3048\u3070 \u3010\u305f\u3068\u30fb\u3048\u3070\u3011- for example<\/li>\n
      15. \u305d\u3093\u306a – that kind of, such<\/li>\n
      16. \u30d0\u30ab (na-adj, noun) – stupid<\/li>\n
      17. \u666e\u901a \u3010\u3075\u30fb\u3064\u3046\u3011 – normal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u3055\u3093\u3001\u30c8\u30a4\u30ec\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
        \nSmith: Brown-san, where is the bathroom?<\/p>\n

        \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a \u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u304a\u624b\u6d17\u3044\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002
        \nBrown: Of course, it’s in the bathroom.<\/p>\n

        \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u3055\u3093\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c8\u30a4\u30ec\u306f\u304a\u624b\u6d17\u3044\u3068\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002
        \nYamamoto: Brown-san, in Japanese, toilet has the same meaning as bathroom.<\/p>\n

        \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a \u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300ctoilet\u300d\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u306a\u3093\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/em>\uff1f
        \nBrown: Then, what do you say in Japanese for “toilet”?<\/p>\n

        \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u300ctoilet\u300d\u3082\u300c\u30c8\u30a4\u30ec\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002
        \nYamamoto: (You) also say \u300c\u30c8\u30a4\u30ec\u300d for “toilet”.<\/p>\n

        \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a\u3000\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3069\u3046\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1f
        \nBrown: How do (you) understand the difference?<\/p>\n

        \u5c71\u672c\uff1a \u5927\u4f53\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002
        \nYamamoto: In most cases, (you) understand by context.<\/p>\n

        \u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\uff1a \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300csit on the bathroom\u300d\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u3069\u3046\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f
        \nBrown: For example, how would (you) say “sit on the bathroom” in Japanese?<\/p>\n

        \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff1a \u305d\u3093\u306a\u30d0\u30ab\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306b\u8a00\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3002
        \nSmith: Normally, (you) don’t say such a stupid thing.<\/p>\n

        Other verbs for phrasing thoughts<\/h2>\n

        There are many other verbs that can be used with a phrased verb clause as you can see in the following examples.<\/p>\n

        \"Diary\"<\/a><\/div>\n

        Example<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u5927\u5b66 \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – college, university<\/li>\n
        2. \u98df\u5802 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u304f\u30fb\u3069\u3046\u3011 – cafeteria<\/li>\n
        3. \u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 (i-adj) – tasty<\/li>\n
        4. \u601d\u3046 \u3010\u304a\u3082\u30fb\u3046\u3011(u-verb) – to think<\/li>\n
        5. \u5b66\u6821 \u3010\u304c\u3063\u30fb\u3053\u3046\u3011 – school<\/li>\n
        6. \uff5e\u307e\u3067 (particle) – until \uff5e<\/li>\n
        7. \u3053\u306e – this<\/li>\n
        8. \u96fb\u8eca \u3010\u3067\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3083\u3011 – train<\/li>\n
        9. \u65e9\u3044 \u3010\u306f\u3084\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – early, fast<\/li>\n
        10. \u9045\u308c\u308b \u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) – to be late<\/li>\n
        11. \u30e1\u30fc\u30eb – email<\/li>\n
        12. \u9001\u308b \u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) – to send<\/li>\n
        13. \u30bf\u30d0\u30b3 – cigarette<\/li>\n
        14. \u5438\u3046 \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u3046\u3011 – to breathe in; to smoke<\/li>\n
        15. \u7d04\u675f \u3010\u3084\u304f\u30fb\u305d\u304f\u3011 – promise<\/li>\n
        16. \u7559\u5b66 \u3010\u308a\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u3011 – study abroad<\/li>\n
        17. \u6c7a\u3081\u308b \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u3081\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) – to decide<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. \u5927\u5b66\u306e\u98df\u5802\u306f\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/em>
            \nDo (you) think the college cafeteria is tasty?<\/li>\n
          2. \u5b66\u6821\u307e\u3067\u3053\u306e\u96fb\u8eca\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u65e9\u3044\u3068\u805e\u3044\u305f<\/em>\u3051\u3069\u3001\u5168\u7136\u65e9\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002
            \n(I) heard that this train is (the) fastest to school but (it’s) not fast at all.<\/li>\n
          3. \u660e\u65e5\u306f\u9045\u308c\u308b\u3068\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u9001\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u3088!
            \n(I) sent by mail that I’m going to be late tomorrow!<\/li>\n
          4. \u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u306f\u5438\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d04\u675f\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3002
            \nPromised not to smoke cigarettes.<\/li>\n
          5. \u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u7559\u5b66\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u305f<\/em>\u3002
            \nDecided to go do study abroad to Japan next year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u30b9\u30df\u30b9<\/h3>\n

            In addition, this grammar also gives us another way to do introductions.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u771f\u7406\u5b50 \u3010\u307e\u30fb\u308a\u30fb\u3053\u3011- Mariko (female first name)<\/li>\n
            2. \u63b2\u793a\u677f \u3010\u3051\u3044\u30fb\u3058\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – bulletin board, online forum<\/li>\n
            3. \u82f1\u8a9e \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – English<\/li>\n
            4. \u7df4\u7fd2 \u3010\u308c\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3011 – practice<\/li>\n
            5. \u76f8\u624b \u3010\u3042\u3044\u30fb\u3066\u3011 – partner; other party<\/li>\n
            6. \u63a2\u3059 \u3010\u3055\u304c\u30fb\u3059\u3011(u-verb) – to look for<\/li>\n
            7. \u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093 – a lot<\/li>\n
            8. \u4e00\u7dd2 \u3010\u3044\u3063\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 – together<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u771f\u7406\u5b50\u3055\u3093\u3001<\/p>\n

              \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3057\u3066\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u3002\u63b2\u793a\u677f\u306b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7df4\u7fd2\u76f8\u624b\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u7df4\u7fd2\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u3002\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n

              \u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9<\/p>\n

              Mariko-san,<\/p>\n

              Nice to meet you. I’m Alice Smith. It was written in the forum that you are looking for a partner to practice English so I’m sending you this email. I’m currently studying Japanese at an American university and thinking that I want to practice Japanese a lot. How about studying together?<\/p>\n

              Smith Alice<\/p>\n

              Short, casual version of \u300c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300d<\/h2>\n

              The phrase \u300c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300d is used so often and in so many ways that there is a shortened casual version: \u300c\u3063\u3066\u300d. <\/p>\n

              \u904a\u3093\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff1f<\/h3>\n
                \n
              1. \u904a\u3076 \u3010\u3042\u305d\u30fb\u3076\u3011(u-verb) – to play<\/li>\n
              2. \u9045\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u305d\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – late<\/li>\n
              3. \u3088\u3063\u307d\u3069 – to a greater degree<\/li>\n
              4. \u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b – to get studying done; to become informed (lit: become study)<\/li>\n
              5. \u305f\u307e\u306b – rarely<\/li>\n
              6. \u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a – properly<\/li>\n
              7. \u6559\u79d1\u66f8 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 – textbook<\/li>\n
              8. \u4ffa \u3010\u304a\u308c\u3011- me, myself (slang, masculine)<\/li>\n
              9. \u9055\u3046 \u3010\u3061\u304c\u30fb\u3046\u3011 – to differ, to be different<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u9045\u3044\u306d\u3002
                \nJohn: Alice-chan is late, huh?<\/p>\n

                \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u52c9\u5f37\u3067\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3063\u3066<\/em>\u3002
                \nLee: (She’s) busy with study so (she) said (she’s) not coming today.<\/p>\n

                \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3044\u3064\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3069\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3093\u3060\u3088\u3002\u7686\u3067\u904a\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u7df4\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3063\u307d\u3069\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u306e\u306b\u3002
                \nJohn: What are (you) going to do, studying all the time? Despite the fact that (It’s) said that you’ll get a lot more studying by practicing Japanese while playing with everybody.<\/p>\n

                \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a\u3000\u305d\u3046\u3060\u306d\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305f\u307e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3088\u3002
                \nLee: I guess so. But, I think it’s good to use textbook and study properly once in a while.<\/p>\n

                \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3063\u3066<\/em>\u3001\u4ffa\u306f\u5168\u7136\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u305f\u3044\u306e\uff1f
                \nJohn: By saying that, you want to say (I) don’t study at all?<\/p>\n

                \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u9055\u3046\u3088\uff01
                \nLee: That’s not it!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Quoting a phrase The most straight-forward reason to phrase a verb clause is to quote somebody. A verb clause can be phrased by adding \u300c\u3068\u300d to the end of the clause. For verb clauses that end in an plain noun or na-adjective, we must add \u300c\u3060\u300d. A direct quote would use the Japanese version of … <\/p>\n

                Continue reading “Phrasing verb clauses”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verb-tenses-and-clauses","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=460"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}