{"id":464,"date":"2017-10-16T19:31:09","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:31:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=464"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:11:59","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:11:59","slug":"transitive-and-intransitive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/transtype","title":{"rendered":"Transitive and Intransitive"},"content":{"rendered":"

A transitive<\/i> verb is one that requires an agent to complete the verb while an intransitive<\/i> verb is complete in itself and doesn’t require a direct object. In Japanese, it is important to distinguish between these two types of verbs because intransitive verbs cannot take a direct object (the \u300c\u3092\u300d particle). Below is a sample list of common transitive and intransitive verbs and examples of how the particles change depending on which type of verb is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs<\/caption>\n
Transitive<\/th>\nIntransitive<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u59cb\u3081\u308b \u3010\u306f\u30fb\u3058\u3081\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto start<\/td>\n\u59cb\u307e\u308b \u3010\u306f\u30fb\u3058\u307e\u308b\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto begin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7d42\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto bring to an end<\/td>\n\u7d42\u308f\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u308f\u308b\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto come to an end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u843d\u3068\u3059 \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3068\u3059\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto drop<\/td>\n\u843d\u3061\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3061\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto fall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u51fa\u3059 \u3010\u3060\u30fb\u3059\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto take out<\/td>\n\u51fa\u308b \u3010\u3067\u30fb\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto come out; to leave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5165\u308c\u308b \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto insert<\/td>\n\u5165\u308b \u3010\u306f\u3044\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto enter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u958b\u3051\u308b \u3010\u3042\u30fb\u3051\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto open<\/td>\n\u958b\u304f \u3010\u3042\u30fb\u304f\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto be opened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9589\u3081\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u3081\u308b\u3011<\/td>\nto close<\/td>\n\u9589\u307e\u308b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u307e\u308b\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto be closed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3064\u3051\u308b (ru-verb)<\/td>\nto attach<\/td>\n\u3064\u304f (u-verb)<\/td>\nto be attached<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6d88\u3059 \u3010\u3051\u30fb\u3059\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto erase<\/td>\n\u6d88\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto disappear<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u629c\u304f \u3010\u306c\u30fb\u304f\u3011(u-verb)<\/td>\nto extract<\/td>\n\u629c\u3051\u308b \u3010\u306c\u30fb\u3051\u308b\u3011(ru-verb)<\/td>\nto be extracted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3068\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092<\/em>\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u3002
    \nStart conversation with a person (you) don’t know.\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u6620\u753b\u304c<\/em>\u3059\u3050\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u3002
    \nMovie begins soon.\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u3084\u3063\u3068\u5bbf\u984c\u3092<\/em>\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u3002
    \nFinally finished homework.<\/li>\n
  4. \u3084\u3063\u3068\u5bbf\u984c\u304c<\/em>\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u305f\u3002
    \nHomework finally ended.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    What happened?<\/h3>\n

    \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u4f55\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
    \nTanaka: What happened? (lit: What is it that existed?)<\/p>\n

    \u9234\u6728\uff1a \u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u843d\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3002
    \nSuzuki: This cup fell.<\/p>\n

    \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u9234\u6728\u3055\u3093\u304c\u843d\u3068\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3093\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
    \nTanaka: It isn’t that Suzuki-san (you) dropped it?<\/p>\n

    \u9234\u6728\uff1a \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3002
    \nSuzuki: No, I didn’t do anything, you know.<\/p>\n

    \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u3058\u3083\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u843d\u3061\u305f<\/em>\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
    \nTanaka: Then, is it that this cup fell by itself?<\/p>\n

    \u9234\u6728\uff1a \u79c1\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u6765\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3082\u3046\u843d\u3061\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
    \nSuzuki: It was already fallen before I came here so (I) don’t know.<\/p>\n

    \u7530\u4e2d\uff1a \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u9234\u6728\u3055\u3093\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30b3\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u306e\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3002
    \nTanaka: No, (I) saw Suzuki-san (you) dropping that cup, you know.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A transitive verb is one that requires an agent to complete the verb while an intransitive verb is complete in itself and doesn’t require a direct object. In Japanese, it is important to distinguish between these two types of verbs because intransitive verbs cannot take a direct object (the \u300c\u3092\u300d particle). Below is a sample … <\/p>\n

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