{"id":466,"date":"2017-10-16T19:31:30","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=466"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:12:11","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:12:11","slug":"polite-negative-forms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/polite_negative","title":{"rendered":"Polite Negative Forms"},"content":{"rendered":"

The conjugations we have learned so far for the negative and past tense are just one of several. In this section, we are going to look at an alternate way to conjugate to the negative for the polite form.<\/p>\n

Negative Verbs with \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u300d<\/h2>\n

For verbs, we learned the four conjugations for the polite \u300c\uff5e\u307e\u3059\u300d form as shown by the example below. For the two negative forms highlighted in the table, instead of using the \u300c\uff5e\u307e\u3059\u300d form, we can instead append \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d to the plain negative forms similar to nouns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Summary of \u300c\uff5e\u307e\u3059\u300d conjugations<\/caption>\n
<\/th>\nPositive<\/th>\nNegative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Non-Past<\/th>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059 – go<\/td>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093 – don’t go<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Past<\/th>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f – went<\/td>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f – didn’t go<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
\nConjugation rules for verbs with \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  • For negative:<\/b> Conjugate to the negative and append \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d.
    \nExamples<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n
    2. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n
    3. \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em >\uff1d \u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n
    4. \u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
    5. For negative past:<\/b> Conjugate to the negative past and append \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d.
      \nExamples<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f \u2192 \u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n
      2. \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n
      3. \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n
      4. \u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u304b\u3063\u305f \u2192 \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0b\u3067\u3059<\/em> \uff1d \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

        Example<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u6771\u4eac\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u304b\u3002
          \nHave you not been to Tokyo?<\/li>\n
        2. \u663c\u3054\u306f\u3093\u306f\u3082\u3046\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u304a\u306a\u304b\u306f\u7a7a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002
          \n(I) ate lunch already so (I’m) not hungry.<\/li>\n
        3. \u3053\u306e\u8fba\u306b\u9ed2\u3044\u72ac\u3092\u898b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u304b\u3002
          \nDid (you) not see a black dog around here?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Negative Noun\/Adjectives with \u300c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d<\/h2>\n

          Because \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d is the negative of the verb \u300c\u3042\u308b\u300d, we can replace the \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u300d and \u300c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u300d part of noun and adjectives with \u300c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d and \u300c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d respectively.<\/p>\n

          \nConjugation rules for nouns\/adjectives with\u300c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff0f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u300d form<\/span><\/p>\n