{"id":484,"date":"2017-10-16T19:39:47","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=484"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:13:44","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:13:44","slug":"directions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/directions","title":{"rendered":"Directions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Using \u300c\u65b9\u300d\uff08\u304b\u305f\uff09 for directions<\/h2>\n

In the last section, we learned how to use \u300c\u65b9\u300d to make comparison. We can also use \u300c\u65b9\u300d to describe how to do something. This is done by attaching \u300c\u65b9\u300d to the verb stem. However, in this usage, the reading is \u300c\u304b\u305f\u300d not \u300c\u307b\u3046\u300d. The result is used as a regular noun (it may help to translate it as “way of doing…”).<\/p>\n

In addition, \u300c\u65b9\u300d\uff08\u304b\u305f\uff09 is also used to refer to a person politely.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u65b9 \u3010\u304b\u305f\u3011 – person (honorific)<\/li>\n
  2. \uff5e\u65b9 \u3010\uff5e\u304b\u305f\u3011 – way of doing ~<\/li>\n
  3. \u30db\u30c6\u30eb – hotel<\/li>\n
  4. \u6559\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u3057\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to teach; to inform<\/li>\n
  5. \u99c5 \u3010\u3048\u304d\u3011 – (train) station<\/li>\n
  6. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
  7. \uff08\u304a\uff09\u3059\u3057 – sushi<\/li>\n
  8. \u4e2d\u83ef\u6599\u7406 \u3010\u3061\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u304b\u30fb\u308a\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u308a\u3011 – Chinese food<\/li>\n
  9. \u306f\u3084\u308b (u-verb) – to be popular, to come into fashion;<\/li>\n
  10. \u4eca \u3010\u3044\u307e\u3011 – now<\/li>\n
  11. \uff08\u304a\uff09\u306f\u3057 – chopsticks<\/li>\n
  12. \u4f7f\u3046 \u3010\u3064\u304b\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to use<\/li>\n
  13. \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba \u3010\u3042\u3081\u308a\u304b\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011 – American (person)<\/li>\n
  14. \u5c11\u306a\u3044 \u3010\u3059\u304f\u30fb\u306a\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – few (in numbers)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u3042\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306e\u884c\u304d\u65b9<\/em>\u3092\u6559\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
      \n(Are you) not going to teach (tell) that person the way to go to the hotel?\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u99c5\u307e\u3067\u306e\u884c\u304d\u65b9<\/em>\u306f\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
      \nDo (you) know the way to the train station?<\/li>\n
    3. \u304a\u3059\u3057\u3084\u4e2d\u83ef\u6599\u7406\u304c\u306f\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eca\u3067\u306f\u3001\u304a\u306f\u3057\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/em>\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002
      \nGiven now where things like sushi and Chinese food is common, Americans who know how to use chopsticks is not few (in number).\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Using \u300c\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u300d for instructions<\/h2>\n

      Another way to describe how to do something is by using the phrase \u300c\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u300d. \u300c\u3084\u308b\u300d is a more casual version of the verb \u300c\u3059\u308b\u300d (“to do”) so the phrase literally means “how do and”. It’s used just like the regular te-form to express a sequence of actions as we learned in the last chapter. Because \u300c\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u300d also means “why”, \u300c\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u300d is more common.<\/p>\n

      Example<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u30ab\u30ec\u30fc\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066<\/em>\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
        \nHow do (you) go about making curry?
        \n(lit: You do curry how and then make?)<\/li>\n
      2. \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u4f4f\u6240\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066<\/em>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
        \nHow do (you) write (a) Japanese address?<\/li>\n
      3. \u6771\u4eac\u99c5\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u5bbf\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
        \nHow do (you) go from Tokyo station to Shinjuku station?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \"Directions\"<\/a><\/div>\n

        Comic 10: \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u3067\u3059<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093 – sorry; pardon me<\/li>\n
        2. \u3053\u3053 – here<\/li>\n
        3. \u4e00\u756a \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – the best; no. 1<\/li>\n
        4. \u8fd1\u3044 \u3010\u3061\u304b\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – close<\/li>\n
        5. \u99c5 \u3010\u3048\u304d\u3011 – train station<\/li>\n
        6. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011(u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n
        7. \uff5e\u65b9 \u3010\uff5e\u304b\u305f\u3011 – way of doing ~<\/li>\n
        8. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011(u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
        9. \u65e5\u672c\u4eba \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011 – Japanese (person)\n
        10. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese (language)<\/li>\n
        11. \u5927\u4e08\u592b \u3010\u3060\u3044\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3076\u3011(na-adj) – ok<\/li>\n
        12. \u3053\u306e – this \uff08abbr. of \u3053\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
        13. \u5730\u56f3 \u3010\u3061\u30fb\u305a\u3011 – map<\/li>\n
        14. \uff5e\u30f6\u6240 \u3010\uff5e\u304b\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 – counter for number of places<\/li>\n
        15. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
        16. \u3069\u3061\u3089 – which way<\/li>\n
        17. \u65b9 \u3010\u307b\u3046\u3011 – direction<\/li>\n
        18. \u767a\u97f3 \u3010\u306f\u3064\u30fb\u304a\u3093\u3011 – pronunciation<\/li>\n
        19. \u60aa\u3044 \u3010\u308f\u308b\u30fb\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – bad<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u756a\u8fd1\u3044\u99c5\u306e\u884c\u304d\u65b9<\/em>\u306f\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nJohn: Excuse me, do you know the way to go to (the) station closest from here?<\/p>\n

          \u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff1a\u30bd\u30ea\u30fc\u3001\u30ce\u30fc\u30fb\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5
          \nJapanese person: Sorry, no English<\/p>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u306b\u99c5\u304c\u4e8c\u30f6\u6240\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u306d\u3002\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u8fd1\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
          \nJohn: Japanese is ok so there’s two train stations on this map, right? Which is closer?<\/p>\n

          \u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff1a\u30a2\u30a4\u30e0\u30fb\u30bd\u30ea\u30fc
          \nJapanese person: I’m sorry.<\/p>\n

          \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u767a\u97f3\u304c\u60aa\u3044\u306e\u304b\u306a\uff1f
          \nJohn: (I) wonder, is my pronunciation bad?<\/p>\n

          \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u4f4f\u6240<\/h3>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u5148\u751f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u9053\u306b\u540d\u524d\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u805e\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
          \nAlice: Teacher, (I) heard that in Japan street(s) don’t have street names attached but is (it) true?<\/p>\n

          \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u306f\u3044\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5927\u304d\u3044\u9053\u8def\u3057\u304b\u540d\u524d\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
          \nTeacher: Yes. In Japan, only large roads have names attached (to them).<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u3058\u3083\u3001\u4f4f\u6240\u3092\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066<\/em>\u63a2\u3059\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
          \nAlice: With that, how do (you) find (an) address?<\/p>\n

          \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u5927\u4f53\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u99c5\u3084\u30b3\u30f3\u30d3\u30cb\u3001\u76ee\u5370\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u3066\u63a2\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
          \nTeacher: Most people use (places like) train station(s) and convenience store(s), make places that become landmark(s) into clue(s) and find (it).<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u8ff7\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
          \nAlice: With that way of doing (things), don’t (you) get lost a lot?<\/p>\n

          \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u3059\u3050\u6163\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3089\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002
          \nTeacher: (You’ll) soon get used to (it), so (it’s) ok.<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u6163\u308c\u308b\u3063\u3066\u4f55\u306b\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
          \nAlice: (By) saying “get used to”, (you mean) to what?<\/p>\n

          \u5148\u751f\uff1a\u8ff7\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3002
          \nTeacher: To getting lost.<\/p>\n

          \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u306f\u3044\uff1f
          \nAlice: Huh?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Using \u300c\u65b9\u300d\uff08\u304b\u305f\uff09 for directions In the last section, we learned how to use \u300c\u65b9\u300d to make comparison. We can also use \u300c\u65b9\u300d to describe how to do something. This is done by attaching \u300c\u65b9\u300d to the verb stem. However, in this usage, the reading is \u300c\u304b\u305f\u300d not \u300c\u307b\u3046\u300d. The result is used as a regular … <\/p>\n

          Continue reading “Directions”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-numbers-amounts-and-directions","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}