{"id":495,"date":"2017-10-16T19:47:28","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=495"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:14:59","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:14:59","slug":"appearances-and-hearsay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/appearance","title":{"rendered":"Appearances and hearsay"},"content":{"rendered":"

We often make deductions based on appearances and observations. In this section, we will learn how to describe what things appear to be based on our own and other people’s observations.<\/p>\n

Appearance or manner<\/h2>\n

The noun \u300c\u3088\u3046\u300d\uff08\u69d8\uff09 is the most generic word used to describe an appearance or manner of a state or action.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u5f7c\u5973 \u3010\u304b\u306e\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3011 – she; girlfriend<\/li>\n
  2. \u5b66\u751f \u3010\u304c\u304f\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – student<\/li>\n
  3. \u6620\u753b \u3010\u3048\u3044\u30fb\u304c\u3011 – movie<\/li>\n
  4. \u898b\u308b\u3000\u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 – to see; to watch<\/li>\n
  5. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011(na-adj) – likable\n
  6. \u53cb\u9054\u3000\u3010\u3068\u3082\u30fb\u3060\u3061\u3011 – friend<\/li>\n
  7. \u3082\u3046 – already<\/li>\n
  8. \u5e30\u308b \u3010\u304b\u3048\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) – to go home<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u3088\u3046<\/em>\u3060\u3002
      \nShe appears to be (a) student.<\/li>\n
    2. \u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u308b\u306e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u306a\u3088\u3046<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002
      \n(It) appears (you) like to watch movie(s).<\/li>\n
    3. \u53cb\u9054\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3046\u5e30\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u3002
      \nLooks like friend went home already.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Outward appearance (casual)<\/h2>\n

      \u300c\u3088\u3046\u300d may, at times, sound somewhat formal and stiff. For casual situations, you can substitute \u300c\u307f\u305f\u3044\u300d for \u300c\u3088\u3046\u300d to describe what something\/someone looks like or appears to be.<\/p>\n

      \u300c\u307f\u305f\u3044\u300d at first glance, looks identical to \u300c\u898b\u305f\u3044\u300d meaning “want to see”. You could even say it has a similar meaning as an outward appearance is how one wants to see something. However, the key difference is that while all verbs in the \u300c\uff5e\u305f\u3044\u300d form such as \u300c\u898b\u305f\u3044\u300d conjugate as an i-adjective, this \u300c\u307f\u305f\u3044\u300d acts like a noun same as \u300c\u3088\u3046\u300d.<\/p>\n

      Example<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u660e\u65e5 \u3010\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3011 – tomorrow<\/li>\n
      2. \u96e8 \u3010\u3042\u3081\u3011 – rain<\/li>\n
      3. \u3053\u306e – this<\/li>\n
      4. \u306c\u3044\u3050\u308b\u307f – stuffed toy<\/li>\n
      5. \u72ac\u3000\u3010\u3044\u306c\u3011 – dog<\/li>\n
      6. \u4eca\u671d \u3010\u3051\u30fb\u3055\u3011 – this morning<\/li>\n
      7. \u982d \u3010\u3042\u305f\u307e\u3011 – head<\/li>\n
      8. \u307e\u3060 – yet; still<\/li>\n
      9. \u98a8\u90aa \u3010\u304b\u305c\u3011 – cold (illness)<\/li>\n
      10. \u5f15\u304f \u3010\u3072\u30fb\u304f\u3011(u-verb) – to pull<\/li>\n
      11. \u5f7c\u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 – he; boyfriend<\/li>\n
      12. \u5965\u3055\u3093 \u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u3055\u3093\u3011 – wife (polite)<\/li>\n
      13. \u51c4\u3044 \u3010\u3059\u3054\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – to a great extent<\/li>\n
      14. \u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – cute<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. \u660e\u65e5\u306f\u96e8\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u3060\u3088\u3002
          \nTomorrow looks like rain, you know.<\/li>\n
        2. \u3053\u306e\u306c\u3044\u3050\u308b\u307f\u306f\u72ac\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
          \nDoesn’t this stuffed toy look like (a) dog?<\/li>\n
        3. \u4eca\u671d\u3082\u982d\u304c\u75db\u3044\u304b\u3089\u307e\u3060\u98a8\u90aa\u3092\u5f15\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u3002
          \n(My) head hurt this morning as well so it looks like (I) still have a cold.<\/li>\n
        4. \u5f7c\u306e\u5965\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3059\u3054\u304f\u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
          \nHis wife is apparently amazingly cute, you know.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Guessing from observation<\/h2>\n

          In English, “seems like” or “looks like” is also used to made an educated guess. In Japanese, this is expressed by appending \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d to the verb or adjective with the following rules. The resulting word becomes a na-adjective.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u843d\u3061\u308b \u3010\u304a\u30fb\u3061\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to fall<\/li>\n
          2. \u30ab\u30c3\u30d7 – cup<\/li>\n
          3. \u964d\u308b \u3010\u3075\u30fb\u308b\u3011(u-verb) – to precipitate<\/li>\n
          4. \u96e8 \u3010\u3042\u3081\u3011 – rain<\/li>\n
          5. \u6687 \u3010\u3072\u307e\u3011 (na-adj) – free (as in not busy)<\/li>\n
          6. \u5927\u5909 \u3010\u305f\u3044\u30fb\u3078\u3093\u3011 (na-adj) – tough, hard time<\/li>\n
          7. \u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044 (i-adj) – tasty<\/li>\n
          8. \u697d\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u306e\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – fun<\/li>\n
          9. \u6765\u308b \u3010\u304f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (exception) – to come<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \nRules for guessing outcome using \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n
              \n
            • Verbs:<\/b> Conjugate to the stem and append \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d
              \nExample<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u843d\u3061\u308b<\/strike>\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u843d\u3061\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                \n\u30ab\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u843d\u3061\u305d\u3046<\/em> – Looks like cup is about to fall<\/li>\n
              2. \u964d\u308b<\/strike>\uff0b\u308a\u2192\u964d\u308a\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u964d\u308a\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                \n\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u308a\u305d\u3046<\/em> – Seems like it’s going to rain<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
              3. Na-adjectives:<\/b> Append \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d
                \nExample<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u6687\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u6687\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                  \nSeems free (not busy)<\/li>\n
                2. \u5927\u5909\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u5927\u5909\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                  \nSeems tough\/rough<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                3. I-adjectives:<\/b> Drop the last \u300c\u3044\u300d and append \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d
                  \nException:<\/b> For \u300c\u3044\u3044\u300d \u2192 \u3088\u3044<\/strike><\/em>\uff0b\u3055<\/em>\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u3088\u3055\u305d\u3046 (seems good)
                  \nExample<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u304a\u3044\u3057\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                    \n(Based on guessing) looks tasty.<\/li>\n
                  2. \u697d\u3057\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u697d\u3057\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                    \nSeems fun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                  3. Negative forms:<\/b> Replace the last \u300c\u3044\u300d with \u300c\u3055\u300d and append \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d
                    \nExample<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u3053\u306a\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u3055<\/em>\uff0b\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u3053\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                      \nSeems like (he\/she) will not come.<\/li>\n
                    2. \u304a\u3044\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strike>\uff0b\u3055\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff1d\u304a\u3044\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046<\/em>
                      \n(Based on guessing) looks not tasty.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

                      Example<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u3053\u308c – this<\/li>\n
                      2. \u3068\u3066\u3082 – very<\/li>\n
                      3. \u6885\u96e8 \u3010\u3064\u3086\u3011 – rainy season<\/li>\n
                      4. \u5acc \u3010\u3044\u3084\u3011 (na-adj) disagreeable; unpleasant<\/li>\n
                      5. \uff5e\u306a (sentence-ending particle) – casual and masculine version of \uff5e\u306d<\/li>\n
                      6. \u4eca\u65e5\u3000\u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – today<\/li>\n
                      7. \u5f7c\u5973 \u3010\u304b\u306e\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3011 – she; girlfriend<\/li>\n
                      8. \u5b50\u4f9b \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3069\u3082\u3011 – child<\/li>\n
                      9. \u3044\u308b (ru-verb) – to exist (animate)<\/li>\n
                      10. \u4ed5\u4e8b \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u3054\u3068\u3011 – job<\/li>\n
                      11. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
                      12. \u5bbf\u984c \u3010\u3057\u3085\u304f\u30fb\u3060\u3044\u3011 – homework<\/li>\n
                      13. \u7c21\u5358 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u305f\u3093\u3011 (na-adj) – simple<\/li>\n
                      14. \u660e\u65e5 \u3010\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3011 – tomorrow<\/li>\n
                      15. \u8a66\u9a13 \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u3051\u3093\u3011 – exam<\/li>\n
                      16. \u554f\u984c \u3010\u3082\u3093\u30fb\u3060\u3044\u3011 – problem<\/li>\n
                      17. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u3053\u308c\u3001\u3068\u3066\u3082\u304a\u3044\u3057\u305d\u3046<\/em>\uff01
                          \nThis looks very tasty!<\/li>\n
                        2. \u6885\u96e8\u306f\u3044\u3084\u3060\u306a\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u308a\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u3060\u3088\u3002
                          \n(I) dislike rainy season. (It) looks like it’s going to rain today too, you know.<\/li>\n
                        3. \u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u3082\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3057\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3068\u3066\u3082\u6687\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff1f
                          \nDoesn’t (she) seem to be very free because she has no kids and doesn’t do (a) job?<\/li>\n
                        4. \u5bbf\u984c\u306f\u5168\u90e8\u7c21\u5358\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u660e\u65e5\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u554f\u984c\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u306d\u3002
                          \nAll (the) homework was easy so (there) doesn’t seem to be any problems for tomorrow’s test.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Expressing hearsay<\/h2>\n

                          In order to express what something appears to be based on what one heard from other people, we append \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3060\u300d (or \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u300d) to the verb clause. At first glance, this grammar looks very similar to the previous grammar, however, the grammar rules are different. Also, this grammar must end in \u300c\u3060\u300d or \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d (for polite speech).<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \u660e\u65e5 \u3010\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3011 – tomorrow<\/li>\n
                          2. \u304d\u308c\u3044 (na-adj) – pretty; clean<\/li>\n
                          3. \u5fd9\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3044\u305d\u304c\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – busy<\/li>\n
                          4. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to go<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \nRules for expressing hearsay using \u300c\u305d\u3046\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n
                              \n
                            • Nouns and Na-adjectives:<\/b> Add the declarative \u300c\u3060\u300d to the clause then attach \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3060\u300d or \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u300d.
                              \nExample<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              1. \u660e\u65e5\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060<\/em>
                                \n(I) hear (it’s) tomorrow.<\/li>\n
                              2. \u304d\u308c\u3044\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/em>
                                \n(I) hear (she) is pretty.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                              3. All other cases:<\/b> Attach \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3060\u300d or \u300c\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u300d to the clause.
                                \nExample<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u305d\u3046\u3060<\/em>
                                  \n(I) hear (he’s) busy.<\/li>\n
                                2. \u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/em>
                                  \n(I) hear (she) doesn’t want to go.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

                                  Example<\/h3>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. \u5f7c\u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 – he; boyfriend<\/li>\n
                                  2. \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – Japanese (language)<\/li>\n
                                  3. \u307a\u3089\u307a\u3089 – fluent<\/li>\n
                                  4. \u96ea \u3010\u3086\u304d\u3011 – snow<\/li>\n
                                  5. \u51fa\u304b\u3051\u308b \u3010\u3067\u30fb\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) – to go out<\/li>\n
                                  6. \u6765\u9031 \u3010\u3089\u3044\u30fb\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3011 – next week<\/li>\n
                                  7. \u671f\u672b \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u307e\u3064\u3011 – end of term<\/li>\n
                                  8. \u8a66\u9a13 \u3010\u3057\u30fb\u3051\u3093\u3011 – exam<\/li>\n
                                  9. \u7686 \u3010\u307f\u3093\u306a\u3011 – everybody<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. \u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u307a\u3089\u307a\u3089\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060<\/em>\u3002
                                      \n(I) hear he is fluent in Japanese.<\/li>\n
                                    2. \u5f7c\u306e\u5965\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u3068\u3066\u3082\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002
                                      \n(I) hear that his wife is very pretty.<\/li>\n
                                    3. \u660e\u65e5\u306f\u96ea\u304c\u964d\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3060<\/em>\u3002
                                      \n(I) hear that (it will) snow tomorrow.<\/li>\n
                                    4. \u96e8\u304c\u964d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002
                                      \n(I) hear that (he) doesn’t want to come out because (it’s) raining.<\/li>\n
                                    5. \u6765\u9031\u306f\u3001\u671f\u672b\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u7686\u5fd9\u3057\u3044\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002
                                      \n(I) hear that everybody is busy with the final exam(s) next week.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      Appearance from hearsay or behavior<\/h2>\n

                                      \u300c\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d is another grammatical expression that expresses either hearsay or behavior. When used to express hearsay, unlike \u300c\uff5e\u305d\u3046\u300d from the previous section, it can be used to express impressions from non-specific hearsay rather than something specific that was said. Simply attach \u300c\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d to the end of the clause to express hearsay or behavior. It conjugates just like a regular i-adjective.<\/p>\n

                                      Examples of hearsay<\/h3>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. \u4eca\u5e74 \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3068\u3057\u3011 – this year<\/li>\n
                                      2. \u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3042\u305f\u3089\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – new<\/li>\n
                                      3. \u51fa\u6765\u308b \u3010\u3067\u30fb\u304d\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to be able to do<\/li>\n
                                      4. \u904a\u5712\u5730 \u3010\u3086\u3046\u30fb\u3048\u3093\u30fb\u3061\u3011 – amusement park<\/li>\n
                                      5. \u5927\u304d\u3044 \u3010\u304a\u304a\u30fb\u304d\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – big<\/li>\n
                                      6. \u3068\u3066\u3082 – very<\/li>\n
                                      7. \u697d\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u305f\u306e\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – fun<\/li>\n
                                      8. \u8d64\u3061\u3083\u3093 \u3010\u3042\u304b\u30fb\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3011 – baby<\/li>\n
                                      9. \u751f\u5f8c \u3010\u305b\u3044\u30fb\u3054\u3011 – post-natal<\/li>\n
                                      10. \u6570\u30f6\u6708 \u3010\u3059\u3046\u30fb\u304b\u30fb\u3052\u3064\u3011 – several months<\/li>\n
                                      11. \u6bcd\u4e73 \u3010\u307c\u30fb\u306b\u3085\u3046\u3011 – mother’s milk<\/li>\n
                                      12. \u80b2\u3066\u308b \u3010\u305d\u3060\u30fb\u3066\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to raise, to rear<\/li>\n
                                      13. \u4e00\u756a \u3010\u3044\u3061\u30fb\u3070\u3093\u3011 – #1; best; first<\/li>\n
                                      14. \u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – good<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. \u4eca\u5e74\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u904a\u5712\u5730\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3066\u3068\u3066\u3082\u697d\u3057\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
                                          \nIt seems (based on hearsay) that (the) new amusement park that was built this year is very big and fun.<\/li>\n
                                        2. \u8d64\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u3001\u751f\u5f8c\u306e\u6570\u30f6\u6708\u306f\u6bcd\u4e73\u3067\u80b2\u3066\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u3044\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3002
                                          \n(I) heard that it’s best to raise baby by breast milk for few months after birth.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          Examples of behavior<\/h3>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. \u7d04\u675f \u3010\u3084\u304f\u30fb\u305d\u304f\u3011 – promise, arrangement, appointment\/li>\n
                                          2. \u6642\u9593 \u3010\u3058\u30fb\u304b\u3093\u3011 – time<\/li>\n
                                          3. \u9045\u308c\u308b \u3010\u304a\u304f\u30fb\u308c\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to be late<\/li>\n
                                          4. \u5f7c \u3010\u304b\u308c\u3011 – he; boyfriend<\/li>\n
                                          5. \u3042\u306e – that (over there) \uff08abbr. of \u3042\u308c\u306e\uff09<\/li>\n
                                          6. \u5b50 \u3010\u3053\u3011 – child<\/li>\n
                                          7. \u3068\u3066\u3082 – very<\/li>\n
                                          8. \u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a – firmly; reliable; steady;<\/li>\n
                                          9. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
                                          10. \u5b50\u4f9b \u3010\u3053\u30fb\u3069\u3082\u3011 – child<\/li>\n
                                          11. \u7537 \u3010\u304a\u3068\u3053\u3011 – man<\/li>\n
                                          12. \u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to say<\/li>\n
                                          13. \u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 – person<\/li>\n
                                          14. \uff5e\u306b\u3088\u308b (u-verb) – depending on \uff5e<\/li>\n
                                          15. \u610f\u5473 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – meaning<\/li>\n
                                          16. \u9055\u3046 \u3010\u3061\u304c\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to be different<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. \u7d04\u675f\u6642\u9593\u306b\u9045\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3002
                                              \n(It’s) not like him to be late to the promised time.\n<\/li>\n
                                            2. \u3042\u306e\u5b50\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u3089\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u3002
                                              \nThat child is very reliable and doesn’t act like a child.\n<\/li>\n
                                            3. \u7537\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u610f\u5473\u304c\u9055\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002
                                              \n“Acting like a man” will probably have different meanings depending on the person.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                              Slang expression for similarity<\/h2>\n

                                              A casual way to express similarity is to attach \u300c\u3063\u307d\u3044\u300d to the word that reflects the resemblance. Because this is a very casual expression, you can use it as a casual version for the different types of expression for similarity covered above \uff08\u3088\u3046\u3001\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3001\u3089\u3057\u3044\uff09. It conjugates just like a regular i-adjective.<\/p>\n

                                              Example<\/h3>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. \u4eca\u65e5 \u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3011 – today<\/li>\n
                                              2. \u96e8 \u3010\u3042\u3081\u3011 – rain<\/li>\n
                                              3. \u5098 \u3010\u304b\u3055\u3011 – umbrella<\/li>\n
                                              4. \u6301\u3064 \u3010\u3082\u30fb\u3064\u3011 (u-verb) – to hold<\/li>\n
                                              5. \u6700\u8fd1 \u3010\u3055\u3044\u30fb\u304d\u3093\u3011 – recent; lately<\/li>\n
                                              6. \u5bd2\u3044 \u3010\u3055\u3080\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – cold<\/li>\n
                                              7. \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 – a little<\/li>\n
                                              8. \u98a8\u90aa \u3010\u304b\u305c\u3011 – common cold<\/li>\n
                                              9. \u7537 \u3010\u304a\u3068\u3053\u3011 – man<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. \u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3001\u96e8\u3063\u307d\u3044<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5098\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002
                                                  \nToday seems like (it’s going to) rain so (I) brought (an) umbrella.<\/li>\n
                                                2. \u6700\u8fd1\u306f\u3001\u5bd2\u304f\u3066\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u98a8\u90aa\u3063\u307d\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
                                                  \nLately, (it’s) cold and seems like (I have a) cold.<\/li>\n
                                                3. \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u306f\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u7537\u3063\u307d\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
                                                  \nIsn’t Alice a little manly?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  \u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u8a71<\/h2>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. \u7559\u5b66\u751f \u3010\u308a\u3085\u3046\u30fb\u304c\u304f\u30fb\u305b\u3044\u3011 – exchange student<\/li>\n
                                                  2. \u805e\u304f \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u304f\u3011 (u-verb) – to ask; to listen<\/li>\n
                                                  3. \u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u3010\u3042\u305f\u3089\u30fb\u3057\u3044\u3011(i-adj) – new<\/li>\n
                                                  4. \u3044\u308b (ru-verb) – to exist (animate)<\/li>\n
                                                  5. \u65e5\u672c\u4eba \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3058\u3093\u3011 – Japanese person<\/li>\n
                                                  6. \u5973 \u3010\u304a\u3093\u306a\u3011 – woman; girl<\/li>\n
                                                  7. \u5b50 \u3010\u3053\u3011 – child<\/li>\n
                                                  8. \u30de\u30b8 – serious (slang)<\/li>\n
                                                  9. \u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044 (i-adj) – cute<\/li>\n
                                                  10. \u672c\u5f53 \u3010\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3068\u3046\u3011 – real<\/li>\n
                                                  11. \u305d\u308c – that<\/li>\n
                                                  12. \u3069\u3093\u306a – what kind<\/li>\n
                                                  13. \u4eba \u3010\u3072\u3068\u3011 – person<\/li>\n
                                                  14. \u307e\u3060 – yet<\/li>\n
                                                  15. \u4f1a\u3046 \u3010\u3042\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to meet<\/li>\n
                                                  16. \u663c\u4f11\u307f \u3010\u3072\u308b\u30fb\u3084\u3059\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – lunch break<\/li>\n
                                                  17. \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 – a little<\/li>\n
                                                  18. \u306d\u3048 – hey<\/li>\n
                                                  19. \u4f55 \u3010\u306a\u306b\uff0f\u306a\u3093\u3011 – what<\/li>\n
                                                  20. \u8a71 \u3010\u306f\u306a\u3057\u3011 – story<\/li>\n
                                                  21. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
                                                  22. \u5225\u306b \u3010\u3079\u3064\u30fb\u306b\u3011 – (not) particularly; nothing (slang)<\/li>\n
                                                  23. \u95a2\u4fc2 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u3051\u3044\u3011 – relation<\/li>\n
                                                  24. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
                                                  25. \u9999 \u3010\u304b\u304a\u308a\u3011 – Kaori (first name)<\/li>\n
                                                  26. \u6628\u65e5\u3010\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3011 – yesterday<\/li>\n
                                                  27. \u8a71\u3059 \u3010\u306f\u306a\u30fb\u3059\u3011 (u-verb) – to speak<\/li>\n
                                                  28. \u3068\u3066\u3082 – very<\/li>\n
                                                  29. \u3059\u3050 – soon<\/li>\n
                                                  30. \u4ef2\u826f\u304f \u3010\u306a\u304b\u30fb\u3088\u30fb\u304f\u3011 – getting along well with<\/li>\n
                                                  31. \u306a\u308b (u-verb) – to become<\/li>\n
                                                  32. \u305d\u308c\u306b – besides; moreover<\/li>\n
                                                  33. \u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3011 – me; myself; I<\/li>\n
                                                  34. \u3069\u3046 – how<\/li>\n
                                                  35. \u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) – to say<\/li>\n
                                                  36. \u610f\u5473 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u307f\u3011 – meaning<\/li>\n
                                                  37. \u3044\u3084 – no (casual)<\/li>\n
                                                  38. \u5f7c\u5973 \u3010\u304b\u306e\u30fb\u3058\u3087\u3011 – she; girlfriend<\/li>\n
                                                  39. \u7537 \u3010\u304a\u3068\u3053\u3011 – man<\/li>\n
                                                  40. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) – likable; desirable<\/li>\n
                                                  41. \u305d\u3093\u306a – that kind of, such<\/li>\n
                                                  42. \u3053\u3068 – matter; event<\/li>\n
                                                  43. \u521d\u5bfe\u9762 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u30fb\u305f\u3044\u30fb\u3081\u3093\u3011 – first meeting<\/li>\n
                                                  44. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
                                                  45. \u3067\u3082 – but<\/li>\n
                                                  46. \u305d\u3046 – (things are) that way<\/li>\n
                                                  47. \u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011 (ru-verb) – to see<\/li>\n
                                                  48. \u611f\u3058 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u3058\u3011 – feeling<\/li>\n
                                                  49. \u8efd\u3044 \u3010\u304b\u308b\u30fb\u3044\u3011 (i-adj) – light; non-serious<\/li>\n
                                                  50. \u7d76\u5bfe \u3010\u305c\u3063\u30fb\u305f\u3044\u3011 (na-adj) – absolutely, unconditionally<\/li>\n
                                                  51. \u30bf\u30a4\u30d7 – type<\/li>\n
                                                  52. \u4ffa \u3010\u304a\u308c\u3011 – me; myself; I (casual masculine)<\/li>\n
                                                  53. \u52d8\u9055\u3044 \u3010\u304b\u3093\u30fb\u3061\u304c\u30fb\u3044\u3011 – misunderstanding<\/li>\n
                                                  54. \u30d0\u30ab – dummy<\/li>\n
                                                  55. \u3044\u3044\u3048 – no (polite)<\/li>\n
                                                  56. \u6b63\u771f\u6b63\u9298 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3057\u3093\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3081\u3044\u3011 – genuine, authentic<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u805e\u3044\u305f\uff1f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3044\u308b\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u3060\u3088\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u306e\u5973\u306e\u5b50\u3060\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u3088\uff01\u30de\u30b8\u3067\u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
                                                    \nJohn: (Did you) hear? (It) seems like there’s (a) new exchange student. (I) hear (she’s a) Japanese girl! (Apparently she’s) really cute, you know.<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u672c\u5f53\u306b\uff1f\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u3060\u306d\u3002\u3069\u3093\u306a\u4eba\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306a\uff1f
                                                    \nLee: Really? That’s big news, isn’t it? I wonder what kind of person (she) is?<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u307e\u3060\u4f1a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3051\u3069\u3001\u663c\u4f11\u307f\u306b\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u8a71\u305d\u3046\u3088\u3002
                                                    \nJohn: (I) haven’t met (her) yet but let’s talk (to her) a little bit at lunch break.<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u306d\u3048\u3001\u306a\u3093\u306e\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\uff1f
                                                    \nAlice: Hey, what are (you) talking about?<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u5225\u306b\u3002\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3002
                                                    \nJohn: Nothing in particular. Nothing that concerns Alice-chan.<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u4f1a\u3063\u305f\uff1f
                                                    \nLee: Did Alice-chan meet (the) new exchange student?<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u306a\u3093\u3060\u3002\u9999\u3055\u3093\u306e\u8a71\uff1f\u6628\u65e5\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u3060\u3051\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3002\u5973\u3089\u3057\u304f\u3066<\/em>\u3068\u3066\u3082\u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044\u5b50\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3002\u3059\u3050\u4ef2\u826f\u304f\u306a\u308c\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u306a\u611f\u3058\uff1f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u79c1\u306b\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\uff1f
                                                    \nAlice: What? (You’re) talking about Kaori-san? (I) talked (to her) a little bit yesterday. She’s girly and very cute girl. (Someone you) can quickly become friendly with kind of feeling? Moreover, what (do you) mean it has nothing to do with me?<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u3044\u3084\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3093\u3060\u3002\u9999\u3055\u3093\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3063\u3051\uff1f\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u3069\u3093\u306a\u7537\u304c\u597d\u304d\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u306a\u306e\uff1f
                                                    \nJohn: No, it’s nothing. Kaori-san, was it? What kind of boy does it seem she’ll like?<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u3048\u3063\uff1f\u305d\u3093\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3001\u521d\u5bfe\u9762\u3067\u306f\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3060\u306d\u3002\u898b\u305f\u611f\u3058\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u306a\u8efd\u3044\u7537\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u306d\u3002
                                                    \nAlice: Huh? (You) wouldn’t know that kind of think on (a) first meeting, right? Let’s see. By the look of things, boy(s) that don’t take anything seriously like John will definitely not be (her) type, most likely.<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a \u304a\u3044\u3001\u4ffa\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u52d8\u9055\u3044\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff1f
                                                    \nJohn: Hey, aren’t (you) misunderstanding the kind of person I am?<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30ea\u30fc\uff1a \u305d\u3046\u3060\u3088\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3002\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u30d0\u30ab\u3063\u307d\u3044<\/em>\u306a\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3088\u3002
                                                    \nLee: That’s right, Alice-chan. John is like a dummy, that’s all.<\/p>\n

                                                    \u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u6b63\u771f\u6b63\u9298\u306e\u30d0\u30ab\u3088\u3002
                                                    \nAlice: No, (he’s a) genuine idiot.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                    We often make deductions based on appearances and observations. In this section, we will learn how to describe what things appear to be based on our own and other people’s observations. Appearance or manner The noun \u300c\u3088\u3046\u300d\uff08\u69d8\uff09 is the most generic word used to describe an appearance or manner of a state or action. Example … <\/p>\n

                                                    Continue reading “Appearances and hearsay”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-potential-and-uncertainty","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=495"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}