{"id":505,"date":"2017-10-16T19:49:24","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=505"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:16:23","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:16:23","slug":"chapter6-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/chapter6_summary","title":{"rendered":"Chapter summary and practice"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this chapter, we learned how to deal with uncertainty in various ways. I’m sure we can all think of many situations where things are not 100% certain. Common scenarios include talking about the weather, news, and the future.<\/p>\n

Below is a list of sample topics you can write about or discuss with your conversation partner (either in casual or polite form as appropriate).<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4f55\u30f6\u56fd\u8a9e\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
    \nHow many languages can (you) speak?<\/li>\n
  2. \u6b7b\u306c\u524d\u306b\u4e00\u56de\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308b\uff1f
    \nIs there something (you) would like to try doing before (you) die.<\/li>\n
  3. \u3046\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u6065\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3002
    \nSomething very embarrassing (you) did inadvertently.<\/li>\n
  4. \u767e\u4e07\u9577\u8005\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3089\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
    \nWhat would (you) do if (you) were a millionaire?<\/li>\n
  5. \u3069\u3093\u306a\u9858\u3044\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u3064\u3060\u3051\u53f6\u3048\u305f\u3089\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u9858\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
    \nIf (you) could grant any one wish, what (would you) wish for?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Distinguishing similar grammar<\/h2>\n

    In this chapter, we learned many different ways to say similar things. In teaching, it’s convenient to group similar concepts and cover them together. However, when it comes time to use them in practice, it can create confusion as learners try to decide which grammar to use and get caught up in trying to find the difference between similar concepts.<\/p>\n

    Let’s take a look at some examples and why one grammar is more appropriate over others in various situations. It’s important to keep in mind that there is often no one right answer as it really depends on what you want to say exactly.<\/p>\n

    Like, it’s not like I like it like that<\/h3>\n

    “Like” is a word in English that has many usages and can even be overused. With words like this, it’s natural that other languages have many different types of grammar that all translate to the same word in English. Therefore, we need to learn to make distinctions that we usually don’t think about.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Is it an impression of the future or guess (with some uncertainty)? Use \u300c\uff5e\u305d\u3046\u300d.\n
        \n
      1. \u3053\u308c\u3001\u304a\u3044\u3057\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u306d\uff01
        \nThis looks tasty! (haven’t tasted yet)<\/li>\n
      2. \u3053\u3053\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3060<\/em>\u3051\u3069\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3088\u3002
        \nIt doesn’t seem to be here but (I’ll) look one more time. (guessing)<\/li>\n
      3. \u697d\u3057\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u3060\u306a\u3002\u79c1\u3082\u884c\u3053\u3046\u304b\u306a\uff1f
        \nSeems like fun (impression). I wonder if I should go too?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
      4. Is it based on hearsay? Use \u300c\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d or \u300c\u3060\uff0f\u305f\uff0b\u305d\u3046\u300d. Use the former if it’s an impression based on general hearsay and the latter if heard from a specific person.\n
          \n
        1. \u305d\u3053\u306e\u304a\u5e97\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u5b89\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
          \n(I) heard (in general) that that store is pretty cheap.<\/li>\n
        2. \u6628\u65e5\u306f\u304b\u306a\u308a\u5927\u5909\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046<\/em>\u3088\u3002
          \n(I) heard (from someone) that yesterday was very rough.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
        3. Is it resembling behavior ie “acting like a…” or trigger an emotion? Use \u300c\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d.\n
            \n
          1. \u3069\u3046\u3057\u305f\uff1f\u541b\u3089\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u306a\u3002
            \nWhat’s the matter? (It’s) not like you. (behavior).<\/li>\n
          2. \u305d\u306e\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3001\u3068\u3066\u3082\u304b\u308f\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
            \nThat dress is very cute! (triggers feeling of cuteness)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
          3. Is it a resemblance in appearance or manner? Use \u300c\u307f\u305f\u3044\u300d, \u300c\u3088\u3046\u300d (polite\/formal), or \u300c\u3063\u307d\u3044\u300d (slang). This is also more generic and can be in other situations without the connotations of other grammar.\n
              \n
            1. \u660e\u65e5\u306f\u96e8\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u3002
              \nLooks like tomorrow is rain.<\/li>\n
            2. \u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u82e6\u6226\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046<\/em>\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
              \nIt appears our team is having a hard fight so what should (we) do?<\/li>\n
            3. \u305d\u306e\u670d\u306f\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u7537\u3063\u307d\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\uff1f
              \nDon’t those clothes look a bit manly?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Are you trying hard enough?<\/h3>\n

              We learned several grammar that all mean “try” but with difference nuances such as “try” vs “attempt”. While they are often interchangeable, the difference is mostly due to how much effort is exerted.<\/p>\n