{"id":524,"date":"2017-10-16T19:53:46","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=524"},"modified":"2017-10-19T17:40:42","modified_gmt":"2017-10-19T21:40:42","slug":"causative-and-passive-verbs-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/causative_passive","title":{"rendered":"Causative and passive verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Causative Verb Form<\/h2>\n<p>The causative form gets its name because it causes something to happen either by making or letting somebody do the action. While it may seem odd to have the exact same verb form for two very different uses, we&#8217;ll find that it&#8217;s not hard to tell which is intended when given the proper context. Below are the rules for conjugating a verb to the causative form. All verbs in the causative form are ru-verbs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Rules for causative form conjugation<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For ru-verbs:<\/b> Replace the last \u300c\u308b\u300d with \u300c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300d.<br \/>\nExample<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<strike>\u308b<\/strike>\uff0b\u3055\u305b\u308b = \u98df\u3079<em>\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u51fa<strike>\u308b<\/strike>\uff0b\u3055\u305b\u308b = \u51fa<em>\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>For u-verbs:<\/b> Change the last character as you would for negative verbs but attach \u300c\u305b\u308b\u300d instead of \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d.<br \/>\nExample<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98f2<strike>\u3080<\/strike>\uff0b\u307e\uff0b\u305b\u308b = \u98f2<em>\u307e\u305b\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u5f85<strike>\u3064<\/strike>\uff0b\u305f\uff0b\u305b\u308b = \u6301<em>\u305f\u305b\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u8cb7<strike>\u3046<\/strike>\uff0b\u308f\uff0b\u305b\u308b = \u8cb7<em>\u308f\u305b\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Exceptions:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3055\u305b\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u304f\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u79c1\u306b\u3082<em>\u3084\u3089\u305b\u3066<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nLet me do it too.<\/li>\n<li>\u3073\u3063\u304f\u308a<em>\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nDon&#8217;t make me surprised. (Don&#8217;t scare me.)<\/li>\n<li>\u7121\u7406\u77e2\u7406\u306b\u304a\u9152\u3092<em>\u98f2\u307e\u305b\u308b<\/em>\u306e\u306f\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u306a\u3002<br \/>\n(It&#8217;s) not good to forcibly make (someone) drink alcohol, huh?<\/li>\n<li>\u3082\u3046\u6765\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<em>\u5f85\u305f\u305b\u3066<\/em>\u3054\u3081\u3093\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n(You&#8217;re) were already here? Sorry (I) made (you) wait.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Passive Verb Form<\/h2>\n<p>The passive form is used to change the verb into a passive voice. A verb in the passive form is always a ru-verb. The conjugation rule for ru-verbs is the same as the rule for potential form. However, it&#8217;s not really hard to tell them apart given enough context.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Rules for passive form conjugation<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For ru-verbs:<\/b> Replace the last \u300c\u308b\u300d with \u300c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300d.<br \/>\nExample<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079<strike>\u308b<\/strike>\uff0b\u3089\u308c\u308b = \u98df\u3079<em>\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u51fa<strike>\u308b<\/strike>\uff0b\u3089\u308c\u308b = \u51fa<em>\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>For u-verbs:<\/b> Change the last character as you would for negative verbs but attach \u300c\u308c\u308b\u300d instead of \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d.<br \/>\nExample<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98f2<strike>\u3080<\/strike>\uff0b\u307e\uff0b\u308c\u308b = \u98f2<em>\u307e\u308c\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u5f85<strike>\u3064<\/strike>\uff0b\u305f\uff0b\u308c\u308b = \u6301<em>\u305f\u308c\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u8cb7<strike>\u3046<\/strike>\uff0b\u308f\uff0b\u308c\u308b = \u8cb7<em>\u308f\u308c\u308b<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Exceptions:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3055\u308c\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u304f\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u59c9\u306b\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3089\u4f55\u3092<em>\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/em>\u304b\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nIf (my) older sister finds out, (I) don&#8217;t know what will be done (to me).\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5909\u306a\u4eba\u3060\u3068<em>\u601d\u308f\u308c\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u3002<br \/>\n(I) don&#8217;t want to be thought of as (a) strange person.<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u304b\u3089\u8ab0\u304b\u306b<em>\u898b\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/em>\u6c17\u304c\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff1f<br \/>\nDoesn&#8217;t it feel like (we&#8217;re) being watch by someone from just a while ago?<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3068<em>\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3082<\/em>\u7d04\u675f\u3060\u304b\u3089\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3060\u3081\u3060\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nEven if I&#8217;m told, &#8220;Don&#8217;t go&#8221;, (it&#8217;s a) promise so (I) have to go, you know.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Using Causative and Passive together<\/h2>\n<p>The causative and passive conjunctions can be used together to describe being made to do something. The rules are simple, you simple need to conjugate the verb to the causative and then conjugate the resulting ru-verb to the passive form.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><em>\u5f85\u305f\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/em>\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5acc\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<br \/>\nDon&#8217;t (you) hate being made to wait?<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u6642\u306b\u3001\u8272\u3005\u306a\u7269\u3092<em>\u98df\u3079\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u597d\u304d\u5acc\u3044\u306f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nAs a child, (I) was made to eat various things so (I) don&#8217;t have a lot of likes\/dislikes.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/em>\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3051\u3069\u3001\u7d50\u5c40\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3042\u3093\u305f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3093\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<br \/>\n(You) say (you) were made to do (it) but in the end, (it) was for your benefit, right?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Comic 16 &#8211; \u30d0\u30ab\u306a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3088<\/h3>\n<div class=\"comic\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/comics\/comic16.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 320px;\" alt=\"\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u5bbf\u984c\" title=\"\u6587\u6cd5\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"position: relative; float: right; padding-right: 25px; top: -10px;\">art by Angela Lee<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30d0\u30ab (n\/na-adj) &#8211; fool; stupid<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e \u3010\u306b\u30fb\u307b\u3093\u30fb\u3054\u3011 &#8211; Japanese language<\/li>\n<li>\u8003\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304b\u3093\u304c\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) &#8211; to think<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u306e &#8211; this<\/li>\n<li>\u5bbf\u984c \u3010\u3057\u3085\u304f\u30fb\u3060\u3044\u3011 &#8211; homework<\/li>\n<li>\u5168\u7136 \u3010\u305c\u3093\u30fb\u305c\u3093\u3011 &#8211; not at all (when used with negative)<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to understand; to know<\/li>\n<li>\u8a00\u3046 \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u3046\u3011 (u-verb) &#8211; to say<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u6cd5 \u3010\u3076\u3093\u30fb\u307d\u3046\u3011 &#8211; grammar<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u3046 \u3010\u3064\u304b\u30fb\u3046\u3011(u-verb) &#8211; to use<\/li>\n<li>\u4f8b\u6587 \u3010\u308c\u3044\u30fb\u3076\u3093\u3011 &#8211; example sentence<\/li>\n<li>\u6559\u3048\u308b \u3010\u304a\u3057\u30fb\u3048\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) &#8211; to teach; to inform<\/li>\n<li>\u3058\u3083 &#8211; then; so; well<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u308c &#8211; this<\/li>\n<li>\u3069\u3046 &#8211; how<\/li>\n<li>\u305a\u3063\u3068 &#8211; a long time<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u7dd2 \u3010\u3044\u3063\u30fb\u3057\u3087\u3011 &#8211; together<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u308b (u-verb) &#8211; to exist (animate)<\/li>\n<li>\u30ed\u30de\u30f3\u30c1\u30c3\u30af &#8211; romantic<\/li>\n<li>\u306a\u3093\u304b &#8211; something<\/li>\n<li>\u30bb\u30af\u30cf\u30e9 &#8211; sexual harassment<\/li>\n<li>\u304f\u308c\u308b (ru-verb) &#8211; to give<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c\u3058\u3083 &#8211; well then<\/li>\n<li>M \u3010\u3048\u3080\u3011 &#8211; slang for masochist<\/li>\n<li>\u306a\u308b (u-verb) &#8211; to become<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u76f4 \u3010\u3057\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u3058\u304d\u3011 &#8211; honesty; honestly<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1 \u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3011 &#8211; polite, gender-neutral<\/li>\n<li>\u3084\u3081\u308b (ru-verb) &#8211; to stop; to quit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3053\u306e\u5bbf\u984c\u3001\u5168\u7136\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u300c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u4f8b\u6587\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u3058\u3083\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3069\u3046\uff1f\u300c\u305a\u3063\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b<em>\u3044\u3055\u305b\u3066<\/em>\u300d\u3002<br \/>\u30ed\u30de\u30f3\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3058\u3083\u3001\u300c\u305a\u3063\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b<em>\u3044\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/em>\u300d\u306f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u306a\u3093\u304b\u30bb\u30af\u30cf\u30e9<em>\u3055\u308c\u305f<\/em>\u3063\u307d\u3044\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u3058\u3083\u3001\u300c\u305a\u3063\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u3044<em>\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/em>\u300d\u306f\uff1f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u306a\u3093\u304bM\u3063\u307d\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3061\u3083\u3063\u305f\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\uff1a\u3058\u3083\u3058\u3083\u3001\u300c\u305a\u3063\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b<em>\u3044\u3055\u305b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308c\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/em>\u300d\u306f\uff1f\uff1f\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\uff1a\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u79c1\u3082\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3061\u3083\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30d0\u30ab\u306a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3092\u3084\u3081\u305f\u3089\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"toggleSpoilers(); return false;\">Toggle Translations<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"spoiler\"><br \/>\nJohn: Don&#8217;t get this homework at all. Can (you) teach (me) an example sentence (that) uses \u3055\u305b\u308b grammar?<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAlice: Ok, how about this? Let me be together with you forever. Romantic, isn&#8217;t it?<br \/>\n<br \/>\nJohn: Ok, what about &#8220;I was made to be together with you forever&#8221;?<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAlice: Sounds like (you&#8217;re) being sexually harassed.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nJohn: Ok then, what about &#8220;Please let me be made to be with you forever&#8221;?!<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAlice: (It&#8217;s) turning out like something masochist.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nJohn: Ok ok, what about &#8220;She won&#8217;t let me be made to be with her forever&#8221;??!<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAlice: Honestly, I starting to not understand it either. Why don&#8217;t (you) stop thinking about stupid Japanese?<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Causative Verb Form The causative form gets its name because it causes something to happen either by making or letting somebody do the action. While it may seem odd to have the exact same verb form for two very different uses, we&#8217;ll find that it&#8217;s not hard to tell which is intended when given the &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/causative_passive\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Causative and passive verbs&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-optional-and-required","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=524"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}