{"id":527,"date":"2017-10-16T19:54:13","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=527"},"modified":"2017-10-31T17:29:03","modified_gmt":"2017-10-31T21:29:03","slug":"making-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/command","title":{"rendered":"Making commands"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this section, we will learn the command form, which as the name suggests, is used to issue commands to others.<\/p>\n

Using \u300c\uff5e\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d for polite command<\/h2>\n

\u300c\uff5e\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d is the “polite” way to tell others what to do. It’s used by attaching \u300c\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d to the verb stem.<\/p>\n

It’s polite grammatically but it doesn’t change the fact that you’re ordering others around, which is not very polite generally. It’s most commonly used by parents or other authority figures toward children.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u65e9\u304f\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/em>\u3002
    \nHurry up and prepare to go out.<\/li>\n
  2. \u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u7d04\u675f\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5b88\u308a\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/em>\u3088\u3002
    \nPlease properly keep the promised time.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In casual speech, the \u300c\uff5e\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d can also be shortened to just \u300c\u306a\u300d<\/p>\n

    Example<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u65e9\u304f\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u3092\u3057\u306a<\/em>\u3002
      \nHurry up and prepare to go out.<\/li>\n
    2. \u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u7d04\u675f\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5b88\u308a\u306a<\/em>\u3088\u3002
      \nPlease properly keep the promised time.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Comic 15 – \u5973\u6027\u306e\u983c\u307f\u65b9<\/h3>\n
      \"\u30d0\u30ec\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30f3\"<\/p>\n
      art by Josh Khoo<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
      1. \u5973\u6027 \u3010\u3058\u3087\u305b\u3044\u3011 – woman; female<\/li>\n
      2. \u983c\u3080 \u3010\u305f\u306e\u30fb\u3080\u3011(u-verb) – to make a request<\/li>\n
      3. \u4e01\u5be7 \u3010\u3066\u3044\u30fb\u306d\u3044\u3011(na-adj, n) polite<\/li>\n
      4. \u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093 – sorry (polite)<\/li>\n
      5. \u3053\u308c – this<\/li>\n
      6. \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068 – a little (casual)<\/li>\n
      7. \u898b\u308b \u3010\u307f\u30fb\u308b\u3011(ru-verb) – to see<\/li>\n
      8. \u51b7\u305f\u3044 \u3010\u3064\u3081\u30fb\u305f\u3044\u3011(i-verb) – cold (to the touch); coldhearted<\/li>\n
      9. \u305d\u3046 – so<\/li>\n
      10. \u624b\u4f1d\u3046 \u3010\u3066\u30fb\u3064\u3060\u30fb\u3046\u3011(u-verb) – to help<\/li>\n
      11. \u3042\u3052\u308b (ru-verb) – to give; to raise<\/li>\n
      12. \u6c17\u6301\u3061 \u3010\u304d\u30fb\u3082\u3061\u3011 – feeling, mood<\/li>\n
      13. \u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f- at all, entirely<\/li>\n
      14. \u3042\u308b (u-verb) – to exist (inanimate)<\/li>\n
      15. \u5206\u304b\u308b \u3010\u308f\u30fb\u304b\u308b\u3011 (u-verb) – to understand<\/li>\n
      16. \u597d\u304d \u3010\u3059\u30fb\u304d\u3011 (na-adj) – likable<\/li>\n
      17. \u3059\u308b (exception) – to do<\/li>\n
      18. \u840c\u3048 \u3010\u3082\u3048\u3011budding, having a crush<\/li>\n
      19. \u3042\u306e\u3046\uff0f\u3042\u306e – say; well; errr<\/li>\n
      20. \u5148\u8f29 \u3010\u305b\u3093\u30fb\u3071\u3044\u3011- senior (at work or school)<\/li>\n
      21. \u904b\u3076 \u3010\u306f\u3053\u30fb\u3076\u3011(u-verb) – to carry, to transport<\/li>\n
      22. \u3082\u3089\u3046 (u-verb) – to receive<\/li>\n
      23. \u7269 \u3010\u3082\u306e\u3011 – thing<\/li>\n
      24. \u99c4\u76ee \u3010\u3060\u30fb\u3081\u3011 (na-adj) – no good<\/li>\n
      25. \u8105\u8feb \u3010\u304d\u3087\u3046\u30fb\u306f\u304f\u3011- threat, coercion<\/li>\n
      26. \u3042\u3089 – oh my<\/li>\n
      27. \u3069\u3053 – where<\/li>\n
      28. \u884c\u304f \u3010\u3044\u30fb\u304f\u3011 – to go<\/li>\n
      29. \u4ed8\u304d\u5408\u3046 \u3010\u3064\u30fb\u304d\u30fb\u3042\u30fb\u3046\u3011(u-verb) – to keep company with, to go out with<\/li>\n
      30. \u304f\u308c\u308b (ru-verb) – to give<\/li>\n
      31. \u3055\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068 – otherwise, or else<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u4e01\u5be7
        \n\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u898b\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n

        \u51b7\u305f\u3044
        \n\u3042\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3002\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u306f\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306d\u3002\u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u597d\u304d\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u840c\u3048
        \n\u3042\u306e\u3046\u3001\u5148\u8f29\u3001\u904b\u3093\u3067\u3082\u3089\u3044\u305f\u3044\u7269\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3051\u3069\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3000\u30c0\u30e1\uff1f<\/p>\n

        \u8105\u8feb
        \n\u3042\u3089\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306e\uff1f\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u4ed8\u304d\u5408\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff1f\u3055\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb<\/p>\n

        Toggle Translations<\/a>
        \n
        \nPolite
        \nSorry. Can you look at this a bit?
        \n
        \nThreatening
        \nI see. Seems like you have absolutely no feeling of wanting to help. (I) got it. Go ahead and do as (you) please.
        \n
        \nMoe
        \nUmm… senpai. There’s something I want you to move but… is it bad?
        \n
        \nThreatening
        \nOh my, where (are you) going? Can (you) accompany (me) for a bit, or else…
        \n<\/span><\/p>\n

        Wanting others to do something<\/h2>\n

        We can use the i-adjective \u300c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u300d, which means “desired” or “wanted” with verbs to say you want somebody to do something. This is done by first conjugating the verb to the te-form, then attaching \u300c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u300d\uff08or \u307b\u3057\u3044\uff09 to the end of the verb. The result remains an i-adjective.<\/p>\n

        Examples<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u90f5\u4fbf\u5c40\u306b\u884c\u3063\u3066\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u3093\u3060\u3051\u3069\u3001\u5927\u4e08\u592b\uff1f
          \n(I) want (you) to go to (the) post office but (is it) ok?<\/li>\n
        2. \u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3044\u3061\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/em>\u306e\u304b\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3088\u3002
          \n(I) don’t really understand what (you are) saying so please tell me what (you) want (me) to do clearly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Command Form<\/h2>\n

          This command form is quite rude so you should use it with caution (if at all). As we learned just in this chapter, there are many other more polite ways to make a request.<\/p>\n

          \nCommand form conjugation rules<\/span><\/p>\n
            \n
          1. For ru-verbs:<\/b> Replace the last \u300c\u308b\u300d with \u300c\u308d\u300d
            \nExample: \u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strike> + \u308d = \u98df\u3079\u308d<\/em><\/li>\n
          2. For u-verbs:<\/b> Replace the last u-vowel sound with the e-vowel equivalent
            \nExample: \u8cb7\u3046<\/strike> + \u3048 = \u8cb7\u3048<\/em><\/li>\n
          3. Exceptions:<\/b>\n
              \n
            1. \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/li>\n
            2. \u304f\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u3044<\/li>\n
            3. \u304f\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u304f\u308c (exception for this conjugation only, not an exception verb)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

              Negative Command<\/h2>\n

              In order to command others to not do an action, simply attach \u300c\u306a\u300d to the end of the verb.<\/p>\n

              Examples<\/h3>\n
                \n
              1. \u79d8\u5bc6\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8ab0\u306b\u3082\u8a00\u3046\u306a<\/em>\u3088\u3002
                \n(It’s a) secret so don’t tell anybody.<\/li>\n
              2. \u4f59\u8a08\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306a<\/em>\u3002
                \nDon’t do something unnecessary.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Do NOT confuse this negative command with the shortened form of \u300c\uff5e\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d we just learned. The latter is using the stem of the verb while the negative command uses just the dictionary form.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u3053\u308c\u3092\u98df\u3079\u306a<\/em>\u3002
                  \nEat this.<\/li>\n
                2. \u3053\u308c\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a<\/em>\u3002
                  \nDon’t eat this.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u3053\u3053\u306b\u5ea7\u308a\u306a<\/em>\u3002
                    \nSit here.<\/li>\n
                  2. \u3053\u3053\u306b\u5ea7\u308b\u306a<\/em>\u3002
                    \nDon’t sit here.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    In this section, we will learn the command form, which as the name suggests, is used to issue commands to others. Using \u300c\uff5e\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d for polite command \u300c\uff5e\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d is the “polite” way to tell others what to do. It’s used by attaching \u300c\u306a\u3055\u3044\u300d to the verb stem. It’s polite grammatically but it doesn’t change the fact … <\/p>\n

                    Continue reading “Making commands”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-optional-and-required","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=527"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1219,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/527\/revisions\/1219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=527"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}