{"id":537,"date":"2017-10-16T19:56:45","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=537"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:17:58","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:17:58","slug":"other-states-using-te-form","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/other_teform","title":{"rendered":"Other states using te-form"},"content":{"rendered":"

We learned how to express the progressive form by using the verb \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d with the te-form of the verb. In this section, we’ll learn some other verbs we can use with the te-form to describe other kinds of states. When using these verbs in this fashion, it is customary to use Hiragana instead of Kanji.<\/p>\n

Using \u300c\u3042\u308b\u300d to express an action already set<\/h2>\n

Till now, we have been using \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d quite frequently with the te-form to express a progressive action. The other verb for existence: \u300c\u3042\u308b\u300d can also be used with the te-form, though the meaning is completely different.<\/p>\n

Appending \u300c\u3042\u308b\u300d after the te-form of another verb is used to indicate the state of the verb as already completed. For example, you could use this grammar to ask what is written in a book as it describes a completed state of being written as opposed to “writing” or “wrote”. It also carries a nuance that the action was done as preparation for something else though it’s not as explicit as the \u300c\uff5e\u3066\u304a\u304f\u300d grammar we’ll learn next.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u305d\u306e\u672c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/em>\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f
    \nWhat is it that’s written in that book?<\/li>\n
  2. \u4e88\u7d04\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5fc3\u914d\u306f\u3044\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3002
    \n(I) already made (the) reservation so (there’s) no need to worry.<\/li>\n
  3. \u3053\u306e\u5e97\u306b\u982d\u75db\u85ac\u306f\u3001\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/em>\u304b\uff1f
    \nAre headache medicine(s) placed in this store?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Because \u300c\uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b\u300d by itself described state after an action was completed, the past tense described that state as being in the past, for example to imply that the state is no longer true, invalid, or contradictory. <\/p>\n

    Example<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u99c5\u3067\u5f85\u3061\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3088\u3002
      \nIt was written in the mail, let’s meet up at this station, you know.<\/li>\n
    2. \u51b7\u8535\u5eab\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3042\u3063\u305f<\/em>\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3002\u307e\u3055\u304b\u3001\u98df\u3079\u305f\u3093\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3088\u306d\u3002
      \nThe pudding (I) was placed in (the) refrigerator… No way (you) ate (it), right?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Using \u300c\u304a\u304f\u300d to prepare for the future<\/h2>\n

      While the previous \u300c\uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b\u300d grammar we learned can carry a nuance of preparation, it could only be used for completed actions. We can use the verb \u300c\u304a\u304f\u300d (“to place”), to describe an action specifically to prepare for something else. In addition, unlike \u300c\uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b\u300d, it can be used to described other tenses besides the past tense.<\/p>\n

      Example<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u4eca\u304b\u3089\u884c\u304f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30c7\u30b6\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5c11\u3057\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u3066<\/em>\u3088\u3002
        \n(I’m) going now so please leave me some desert.<\/li>\n
      2. \u660e\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u9023\u4f11\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u91d1\u3092\u4e0b\u308d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f<\/em>\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3002
        \nHolidays are from tomorrow so (you) should withdraw cash.<\/li>\n
      3. \u9375\u3092\u3053\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u306d\u3002
        \n(I’m) placing (the) key here so please don’t forget it, ok?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        In casual speech, \u300c\uff5e\u3066\uff0f\uff5e\u3067\uff0b\u304a\u304f\u300d can be shortened to \u300c\u3068\u304f\uff0f\u3069\u304f\u300d.<\/p>\n

        Example<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u9375\u3092\u3053\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3068\u304f<\/em>\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u306d\u3002
          \n(I’m) placing (the) key here so please don’t forget it, ok?<\/li>\n
        2. \u8239\u306b\u4e57\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u9154\u3044\u6b62\u3081\u85ac\u3092\u98f2\u3093\u3069\u3044\u305f<\/em>\u65b9\u304c\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3002
          \nIf\/since (you’re) riding (a) boat, (it’s) better\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Using motion verbs with the te-form \uff08\u3044\u304f\uff0f\u304f\u308b\uff09<\/h2>\n

          The verbs “to go” and “to come” \uff08\u3044\u304f and \u304f\u308b respectively\uff09 can be used with the te-form of another verb to add a motion. This can either be a physical motion (eg to hold and bring something) or an abstract direction\/trend (eg plans for the future going forward).<\/p>\n

          Example<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u4ed5\u4e8b\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u304f<\/em>\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
            \nHow (do you) plan to live from here on out and not work?<\/li>\n
          2. \u660e\u65e5\u306e\u934b\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u306b\u4f55\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u3070<\/em>\u3044\u3044\u306e\uff1f
            \nWhat should (I) bring to the Nabe party tomorrow?<\/li>\n
          3. \u3046\u308b\u3055\u3044\uff01\u3042\u3042\u3001\u306a\u3093\u304b\u982d\u304c\u75db\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f<\/em>\u3002
            \nNoisy! Ah, (my) head has come to become hurting.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            We learned how to express the progressive form by using the verb \u300c\u3044\u308b\u300d with the te-form of the verb. In this section, we’ll learn some other verbs we can use with the te-form to describe other kinds of states. When using these verbs in this fashion, it is customary to use Hiragana instead of Kanji. … <\/p>\n

            Continue reading “Other states using te-form”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-other-useful-expressions","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/537\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=537"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}