{"id":545,"date":"2017-10-16T19:58:18","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T23:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/?p=545"},"modified":"2017-10-17T15:18:39","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T19:18:39","slug":"inaction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/inaction","title":{"rendered":"Inaction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this section, we&#8217;ll learn ways to describe situations where things <b>don&#8217;t<\/b> happen.<\/p>\n<h2>Express &#8220;without doing&#8221; with \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u300d<\/h2>\n<p>We learned how to chain sequences of events using the te-form of the verb a few chapters back so we already know how to say, &#8220;I didn&#8217;t do this and that.&#8221; However, it is not the same as saying, &#8220;I did this without doing that.&#8221; For the latter, we need to use a different grammar.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Using \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u300d to express &#8220;without doing&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Append \u300c\u3067\u300d to the negative form of the verb<br \/>\nExamples<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\uff0b<em>\u3067<\/em> \uff1d \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/li>\n<li>\u6255\u3046 \u2192 \u6255\u308f\u306a\u3044\uff0b<em>\u3067<\/em> \uff1d \u6255\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/li>\n<li>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044\uff0b<em>\u3067<\/em> \uff1d \u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6b6f\u3092<em>\u78e8\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\u5bdd\u3061\u3083\u3046\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nAre (you) going to sleep without brushing (your) teeth?<\/li>\n<li>\u624b\u6570\u6599\u3092<em>\u6255\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\u6e08\u3080\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\nIs there (a) method where (it) can be done without paying (the) handling charge?<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3082<em>\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\u6bce\u65e5\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u3066\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306a\uff1f<br \/>\n(I) wonder what that person is doing every day, without even working?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>You may have noticed we already used this form when we learned how to ask other to not do something. This is the more generic usage of the same conjugation.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u305d\u308c\u3092<em>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff1f<br \/>\nCan you not eat that?<br \/>\nlit: Can you give (me the favor) without eating that?<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u308c\u3092<em>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\uff08\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09\u3002<br \/>\nPlease don&#8217;t eat that.<br \/>\nlit: Please give (me the favor) without eating that.<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55\u3082<em>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/em>\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3002<br \/>\nWent out without eating anything.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Express &#8220;without doing&#8221; with \u300c\u305a\u306b\u300d<\/h2>\n<p>\u300c\u305a\u300d is another type of negative form of the verbs used mostly for more formal contexts and some expressions. It&#8217;s also often used with the \u300c\u306b\u300d target particle to express the same thing as \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u300d we just learned. The conjugation rule is mostly the same as the regular negative form except \u300c\u305a\u300d is attached at the end instead of \u300c\u306a\u3044\u300d. However, unlike the regular negative form, there is no exception for \u300c\u3042\u308b\u300d as it follows the same rule as all other u-verbs and becomes \u300c\u3042\u3089\u305a\u300d.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sumbox\">\n<span class=\"summary\">Rules for conjugating to \u300c\u305a\u300d negative<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>For ru-verbs:<\/b> Replace the last \u300c\u308b\u300d with \u300c\u305a\u300d<br \/>\nExample: \u98df\u3079<strike>\u308b<\/strike> + \u305a = \u98df\u3079<em>\u305a<\/em><\/li>\n<li><b>For u-verbs that end in \u300c\u3046\u300d:<\/b> Replace \u300c\u3046\u300d with \u300c\u308f\u300d and attach \u300c\u305a\u300d<br \/>\nExample: \u8cb7<strike>\u3046<\/strike> + \u308f + \u305a = \u8cb7<em>\u308f\u305a<\/em><\/li>\n<li><b>For all other u-verbs:<\/b> Replace the u-vowel sound with the a-vowel equivalent and attach \u300c\u305a\u300d<br \/>\nExample: \u3042<strike>\u308b<\/strike> + \u3089 = \u3042<em>\u3089\u305a<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Exceptions:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u305b\u305a<\/li>\n<li>\u304f\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u305a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f55\u3082<em>\u8a00\u308f\u305a<\/em>\u306b\u5e30\u3063\u3061\u3083\u3046\u306a\u3093\u3066\u3001\u5931\u793c\u306d\u3002<br \/>\nTo think (he) went home without saying anything, (it&#8217;s) rude, isn&#8217;t it?<\/li>\n<li>\u624b\u6570\u6599\u3092<em>\u6255\u308f\u305a<\/em>\u306b\u6e08\u3080\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\nIs there (a) way to get by without paying (the) processing fee?<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u65e5\u306b\u4f55\u56de\u3082\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<em>\u305b\u305a<\/em>\u306b\u306f\u3044\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n(I) can&#8217;t help but check (my) email again and again in (a) day.<br \/>\nlit: (I) can&#8217;t exist without checking email numerous times in (a) day.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Expressing a lack of change<\/h2>\n<p>\u300c\u307e\u307e\u300d is a noun used to express leaving something as is without making any changes.<\/p>\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3053\u306e<em>\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u3067\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\nIs it fine just like this?<\/li>\n<li>\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u3064\u3051\u305f<em>\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u5bdd\u305f\u3089\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u306e\uff1f<br \/>\nWhat happens if (you) sleep with contacts left on?<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u7f8e\u5b50\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u305d\u306e<em>\u307e\u307e<\/em>\u3067\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3002<br \/>\nYumiko-chan, (you&#8217;re) fine like that (just the way you are).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this section, we&#8217;ll learn ways to describe situations where things don&#8217;t happen. Express &#8220;without doing&#8221; with \u300c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u300d We learned how to chain sequences of events using the te-form of the verb a few chapters back so we already know how to say, &#8220;I didn&#8217;t do this and that.&#8221; However, it is not the same &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/complete\/inaction\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Inaction&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"series":[7],"class_list":["post-545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-other-useful-expressions","series-complete-guide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidetojapanese.org\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}