We’ve already used some adjectives as the state-of-being but we have yet to describe a noun directly with adjectives. In order to do this, we first have to learn the two different types of adjectives in Japanese.
There are two types of adjectives called i-adjectives and na-adjectives.
Examples of i-adjectives
All i-adjectives end in 「い」.
- いい – good
- かっこいい – cool; handsome
- 忙しい 【いそが・しい】 – busy
- 楽しい 【たの・しい】- fun
- 暑い 【あつ・い】 – hot
- 寒い 【さむ・い】 – cold
Examples of na-adjectives
All adjectives that do not end in 「い」 are na-adjectives.
- 好き 【す・き】 – likable
- 元気 【げん・き】 – healthy; lively
- 静か 【しず・か】 – quiet
Examples of na-adjectives that end in 「い」
Though most adjectives that end in 「い」 are i-adjectives, there are a small number of na-adjectives that end in 「い」. The examples below are some of the most common na-adjectives that end in 「い」.
- きれい – clean; pretty
- 嫌い 【きら・い】 – distasteful
- 幸い 【さいわ・い】 – luckily, fortunately
Describing nouns directly
You can easily describe a noun by placing the adjective directly in front of the noun. For na-adjectives, you first need to add 「な」 before you can attach the adjective to the noun (hence the name).
Example
- 人 【ひと】 – person
- 時 【とき】 – when
- ゲーム – game
- 物 【もの】 – object; thing
- いい人
good person - 元気な人
lively; healthy person - きれいな人
pretty person - 忙しい時
when busy - 楽しいゲーム
fun game - 好きな物
likable thing
You’re so-so handsome
- 山本 【やまもと】 – Yamamoto (surname)
- 新しい 【あたら・しい】 (i-adj) – new
- とても (adv) – very
- まあまあ (adv) – so-so
- ありがとうございます – thank you (polite)
スミス: 田中先生は、新しい先生ですか?
山本: そうですよ。
スミス: とてもきれいな人ですね。
山本: そうですか?
スミス: あっ、山本先生も、まあまあかっこいいですよ!
山本: ・・・ありがとうございます。
Smith: Is Tanaka-sensei a new teacher?
Yamamoto: That’s right.
Smith: (She’s) a very pretty person, isn’t she?
Yamamoto: Is that so?
Smith: Ah, Yamamoto-sensei is so-so handsome too!
Yamamoto: …Thank you.